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However, their extreme rarity, pronounced heterogeneity, and the complexity of the blood microenvironment severely constrain detection accuracy. Advances in micro\/nanomaterials and functional device engineering have enabled substantial improvements in CTC enrichment efficiency by refining the topographical and chemical properties of capture interfaces. These innovations also provide a compatible foundation for multimodal molecular profiling. This review systematically outlines the structure\u2013function relationships of functionalized nanomaterials, microfiltration substrates, and biomimetic microfluidic devices, highlighting how material parameters\u2014such as nanoscale architectures and membrane pore sizes\u2014govern CTC capture performance. We further explore the integration of micro\/nanomaterials with functional platforms for multidimensional molecular analyses across DNA, RNA, and protein levels. 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Future directions may lie in the convergence of microfluidic\u2010integrated materials, single\u2010cell multi\u2010omics, and AI\u2010driven analytics to establish dynamic, high\u2010resolution monitoring platforms that bridge the gap between fundamental research and clinical precision oncology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/exp2.70239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T09:46:28Z","timestamp":1791711988000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Micro\/Nanostructured Materials and Microfluidic Diagnostic Platforms Enable Multimodal Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaojiao","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Suzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory on Technologies for Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Process Control and Intelligent Manufacture Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12029\u2010017\u20109959\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402\u2010023\u201000841\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JMDH.S449276"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2023.101198"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2023.155083"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467\u2010024\u201045475\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smtd.202301009"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"The Dissemination of Cancer Cells During Operative Procedures: Hunterian Lecture Delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 30th March 1960","volume":"27","author":"Griffiths J. 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