{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T08:12:53Z","timestamp":1783930373801,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Fire and Materials"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>The performance of tile roofing assemblies as well as untreated cedar shake roofing assemblies exposed to continuous firebrand showers were compared. Specifically, experiments were conducted for two types of concrete tile roofing assemblies (flat and profiled), one type of terracotta tile roofing assembly (flat) and an untreated (without any fire retardant) cedar shake roofing assembly. The design of the roofing assemblies was based on construction guidelines in the USA. The duration of the firebrand flux was fixed at 20\u2009min, and the wind speed was varied from 6\u2009m\/s to 9\u2009m\/s. These wind speeds were chosen to be able to compare roofing assembly performance to similar assemblies exposed to a batch\u2010feed firebrand generator which had limited duration of firebrand exposure (6\u2009min). The average firebrand mass flux that <jats:italic>arrived<\/jats:italic> at the surface of the roofing assemblies was 0.3\u2009g\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>s Results indicated that for the untreated cedar shake assemblies, ignition occurred easily from the firebrand assault, and this type of roofing assembly generated their own firebrands after ignition. To attempt to quantify the degree of penetration, the number of firebrands that penetrated the tile roofing assemblies, and deposited onto the underlayment\/counter\u2010batten system was counted as function of wind speed for each assembly. Firebrand penetration was observed, even for the flat tile assemblies. It is believed that these are the first\u2010ever experiments described in the peer\u2010reviewed literature to expose wood and tile roofing experiments to continuous wind\u2010driven firebrand showers. Copyright \u00a9 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fam.2372","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]],"date-time":"2016-06-03T06:32:53Z","timestamp":1464935573000},"page":"84-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The performance of wood and tile roofing assemblies exposed to continuous firebrand assault"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Research Institute of Fire and Disaster (NRIFD)  Chofu Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisaku","family":"Nii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Building Research Institute (BRI)  Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel L.","family":"Manzello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)  Gaithersburg MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1071\/WF07131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","unstructured":"2009Victorian Bushfires Royal Commission July 2010."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-014-0427-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2013.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-012-0319-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-012-0295-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2012.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proeng.2013.08.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3801\/IAFSS.FSS.11-83"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1520\/E0108-10A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"UL 790 \u201cStandard for Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings\u201d Underwriters Laboratories Edition 8 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2009.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ManzelloSL QuarlesSL.Summary of Workshop on Structure Ignition in Wildland\u2013Urban Interface (WUI) Fires NIST SP 1198 2015.","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.SP.1198"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ManzelloSL.The performance of concrete tile and terracotta tile roofing assemblies exposed to wind\u2010driven firebrand showers NIST Technical Note 1794 2013.","DOI":"10.6028\/NIST.TN.1794"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-014-0425-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10694-015-0520-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2013.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.proci.2012.06.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.firesaf.2016.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0082-0784(65)80244-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"New roof manual Cedar Shake and Shingle Bureau March2015. 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