{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:51:44Z","timestamp":1790052704617,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591574400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005851","name":"Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RIGLD 1058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RIGLD 1058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005851","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to determine the chemical compositions of crude aquatic extracts of <jats:italic>M. pulegium<\/jats:italic> L. and <jats:italic>R. idaeus<\/jats:italic> L., and their anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> activity. Crude aquatic extraction of aerial parts of <jats:italic>R. idaeus<\/jats:italic> L. and <jats:italic>M. pulegium<\/jats:italic> L. was performed. GC\u2010MS and HTPLC analyses were carried out. MTT assay was performed on Vero cells treated by different concentrations (Log <jats:sup>\u221210<\/jats:sup> from 10<jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup> to 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>) of the extracts. The anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> activity of the concentrations was investigated using vital staining. Menthol (99.23%) and limonene (0.227%) were the major compounds of the aquatic extract of <jats:italic>M. pulegium<\/jats:italic> L. Phytochemical compositions of <jats:italic>R. idaeus<\/jats:italic> L. were terpenoids, esterols, and flavonoids. The cell toxicity of <jats:italic>M. pulegium<\/jats:italic> L. was lower than <jats:italic>R. idaeus<\/jats:italic> L. (CC50\u00a0&gt;\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup> versus. \u2265 10<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>). Aquatic extract of <jats:italic>M. pulegium<\/jats:italic> L. showed higher anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> activity (LC50\u00a0\u2265\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>) than <jats:italic>R. idaeus<\/jats:italic> L. (LC50\u00a0\u2265\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22125<\/jats:sup>). Statistically significant cell toxicity and anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> activity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) were seen regarding the different concentrations of <jats:italic>R. idaeus<\/jats:italic> L. and <jats:italic>M. pulegium<\/jats:italic> L. Both <jats:italic>R. idaeus<\/jats:italic> L. and <jats:italic>M. pulegium<\/jats:italic> L. revealed anti\u2010<jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic> activities. Cell toxicity of <jats:italic>R. idaeus<\/jats:italic> L. was significantly higher than <jats:italic>M. pulegium<\/jats:italic> L. <jats:italic>M. pulegium<\/jats:italic> L. extract could be more applicable due to its lower cell toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T17:20:10Z","timestamp":1591636810000},"page":"3656-3664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Anti\u2010<i>Toxoplasma<\/i> activity and chemical compositions of aquatic extract of <i>Mentha pulegium<\/i> L. and <i>Rubus idaeus<\/i> L.: An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Hanieh","family":"Mohammad Rahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mojdeh","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology University of Valencia Valencia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Hesari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meysam","family":"Sharifdini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology School of Medicine Guilan University of Medical Sciences Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2568-9022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Mirjalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Zali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trz082"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjtm.2016.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S60973"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Mentha species: In vitro regeneration and genetic transformation","volume":"3","author":"Bhat 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