{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T05:05:39Z","timestamp":1791695139052,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597190400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Cysteine and homocysteine (Hcy), both sulfur\u2010containing amino acids (AAs), produced from methionine another sulfur\u2010containing amino acid, which is converted to Hcy and further converted to cysteine. This article aims to highlight the link between cysteine and Hcy, and their mechanisms, important functions, play in the body and their role as a biomarker for various types of diseases. So that using cysteine and Hcy as a biomarker, we can prevent and diagnose many diseases. This review concluded that hyperhomocysteinemia (elevated levels of homocysteine) is considered as toxic for cells and is associated with different health problems. Hyperhomocysteinemia and low levels of cysteine associated with various diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVD), ischemic stroke, neurological disorders, diabetes, cancer like lung and colorectal cancer, renal dysfunction\u2010linked conditions, and vitiligo.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]],"date-time":"2020-08-12T10:00:33Z","timestamp":1597226433000},"page":"4696-4707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":300,"title":["Cysteine and homocysteine as biomarker of various diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Tahniat","family":"Rehman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Food Science and Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Asim","family":"Shabbir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Food Science and Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Inam\u2010Ur\u2010Raheem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Food Science and Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3705-0277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Faisal","family":"Manzoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3151-0276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nazir","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Home and Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi\u2010Wei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology Hunan Agricultural University Changsha China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2944-314X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Haseeb","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Home and Food Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3206-1962","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Azhari","family":"Siddeeg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Engineering and Technology Faculty of Engineering and Technology University Gezira Wad Medani Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Abid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0185-0096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rana Muhammad","family":"Aadil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Food Science and Technology University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2018.07.012"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"504","article-title":"Effects of N\u2010acetyl cysteine on renal functions evaluated by blood neutrophil gelatinase\u2010associated lipocalin levels in geriatric patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"16","author":"Aldemir M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anatolian Journal of Cardiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2014.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2018.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/2326409817698994"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-7632-9_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/9584932"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/1476830514Y.0000000136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2018.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0180"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1100\/2012\/303654"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","first-page":"1097","article-title":"N\u2010acetyl\u2010cysteine is associated to renal function improvement in patients with nephropathic cystinosis","volume":"29","author":"Faria Guimaraes L. P.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-017-0880-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmhg.2014.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/49.6.895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.12.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2017.10.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-14-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-008-9782-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12460"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Role of homocysteine level as risk factor in the occurrence of cardiovascular events in renal transplant recipients","volume":"5","author":"Goswami S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-006-0191-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2016.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5455\/msm.2016.28.235-238"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327113491510"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726-018-2544-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trecan.2018.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1611"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2011_2281"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2014.01.041"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v21.i4.1081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-018-1016-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.14464"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-018-3391-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2014.09.007"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","first-page":"622","article-title":"Homocysteine: Cardiovascular risk factor in children and adolescents?","volume":"59","author":"Leal A. A. D. F.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revista Da Associa\u00e7\u00e3o M\u00e9dica Brasileira (English Edition)"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00538"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2016.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10080962"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.24578"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.049932"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","first-page":"13","article-title":"Hyperhomocysteinemia: A risk of CVD","volume":"6","author":"Mishra N.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Research in Biological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mpmed.2017.01.007"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","first-page":"879","article-title":"Study of Assessment of Plasma Homocysteine Level in Microvascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"4","author":"Mundu P. A.","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Contemporary Medical Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.225854"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.05.085"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-418680-4.00029-4"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.6000\/1929-5634.2013.02.04.2","article-title":"Plasma total homocysteine and its relationship with cardiovascular disease","volume":"2","author":"Obersby D.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutritional Therapeutics"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2015.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2018.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-810422-4.00020-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2018.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.11.011"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_57_1","first-page":"154","article-title":"A review on association of serum homocysteine in diabetic neuropathy","volume":"10","author":"Rujaswini T.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Invention Today"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2013.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-812491-8.00007-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-150140"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-013-0373-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25398-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.25355"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-407824-6.00057-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsx.2016.08.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3844\/ajbbsp.2008.105.113"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.00540.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.08.029"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-803968-7.00041-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_70_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Application of LC\u2010MS\/MS analysis of plasma amino acids profiles in children with autism","author":"Tu W.\u2010J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(00)00724-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2015.06.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-06-2293"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.talanta.2018.11.066"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_75_1","article-title":"Homocysteine and Digestive Tract Cancer Risk: A Dose\u2010Response Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"3720684","author":"Xu J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Oncology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003700"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00493"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201500031"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2015.04.029"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Ffsn3.1818","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.1818","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.1818","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.1818","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,11]],"date-time":"2024-08-11T14:25:24Z","timestamp":1723386324000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.1818"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.1818"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.1818","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-06-11","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-18","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-08-12","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}