{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T23:15:30Z","timestamp":1790637330933,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]],"date-time":"2021-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624233600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a common public health occurrence of pregnancy which is particularly prevalent in developing countries like Pakistan. During this critical period, the deficiency of iron is very common as the iron requirements are greatly enhanced. IDA during pregnancy is associated with intrauterine growth retardation, premature birth, low birthweight, increased labor time, higher risk of infection, elevated maternal and prenatal mortality, muscle dysfunction, and low physical capacity. The present study was aimed to check the prevalence, effect of diet on IDA and its association with the pregnancy outcome, that is, birthweight. Five different public sector hospitals of Rawalpindi and Islamabad were analyzed. A sample size of 500 pregnant females of third trimester was observed which were then followed after delivery from September 2020 to January 2021. A well\u2010designed questionnaire was developed where different demographic factors, dietary recalls, biomarkers, and other determinants were obtained. The data from the questionnaires were later coded for the purpose of analysis in the statistical package (SPSS) using chi\u2010square test. Our study indicated that IDA is a moderate public health problem among pregnant women in twin cities and more than half of study subjects have depleted iron stores. Approximately 63% of the subjects were having iron deficiency and 24.8% were facing severe iron deficiency anemia. Only 12% of the subjects were considered as normal. The high prevalence of anemia in our subjects was probably due to low iron intake and poor dietary habits. The results of the study may not be generalizable due to time constraints and other factors. Maternal anemia still remains a major public health concern that requires more attention especially in developing and underdeveloping countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2373","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,22]],"date-time":"2021-06-22T06:38:10Z","timestamp":1624343890000},"page":"4127-4133","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Dietary association of iron deficiency anemia and related pregnancy outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hina","family":"Zulfiqar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diet &amp; Nutritional Sciences University of Lahore Islamabad Campus Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1488-4834","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Imran Ullah","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition and dietetics (HND) Iqra University North Campus Plot no. 204 _ 205, Sector 7B\/1, North Karachi Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Naveed","family":"Sheas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diet &amp; Nutritional Sciences University of Lahore Islamabad Campus Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8260-2501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahoor","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Food Science and Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Umaira","family":"Ejaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Diet &amp; Nutritional Sciences University of Lahore Islamabad Campus Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irfan","family":"Ullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China College of Life Sciences North West University Xian Shaanxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saad","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy Iqra University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Iqra University Karachi Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Hameed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Water Management Faculty of Crop Production The University of Agriculture Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7630-7901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Banaras","family":"Akbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Faculty of Paktia University Paktia Afghanistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650802900207"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","first-page":"359","article-title":"Dietary patterns, nutritional status and agricultural work performance of small\u2010scale farmers in North West Pakistan","volume":"21","author":"Din Z. U.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Progress in Nutrition"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2020.108"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-020-02913-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12691\/jfnr-3-9-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.02.015"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"654","article-title":"Low birth weight, and low ponderal index mediates the association between preeclampsia, placenta previa, and neonatal mortality","volume":"49","author":"Nawsherwan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1179\/102453311X13085644680186"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","first-page":"98","article-title":"Iron deficiency anemia: Evaluation and management","volume":"87","author":"Short M. W.","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"A review on anaemia\u2013types, causes, symptoms and their treatments","volume":"1","author":"Soundarya N.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Technology Investigation"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/9135625"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/71.5.1285s"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/769057"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.2020.0159"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.2373","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.2373","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.2373","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,29]],"date-time":"2023-08-29T07:57:46Z","timestamp":1693295866000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.2373"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.2373"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.2373","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-04-09","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-05-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-06-21","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}