{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:05:48Z","timestamp":1791821148166,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]],"date-time":"2021-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633478400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate the effects of adding <jats:italic>Cynara scolymus<\/jats:italic> (CS) and <jats:italic>Silybum marianum<\/jats:italic> (SM) dry extract to the diet of broiler chickens, a 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 factorial experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. Ten one\u2010day\u2010old male broiler chicks of Ross 308 strain were used in each replicate. Experimental treatments included two levels of supplemental CS and MS, 250 and 500\u00a0mg\/kg of dry extract of CS and SM, which were used in combination with a basal diet for 42\u00a0days. The 42\u2010day trial was divided into 3 periods, 1\u201310\u00a0days, 11\u201324\u00a0days, and 25\u201342\u00a0days of age. The data were statistically analyzed using SAS software and means differences were tested for significance using Duncan's multiple\u2010range test. The results showed that the effect of the experimental treatments was not significant on growth performance in the entire period (1\u201342\u00a0days), carcass characteristics, and weight of immunity organs. Feed cost per kilogram of live weight increased with supplemental of CS and SM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.01). Significant effects of CS and SM supplements were observed on antibody titer against influenza virus at 28 and 42\u00a0days and also on antibody titer against sheep red blood cells (SRBC) at 35 and 42\u00a0days. Feeding 500\u00a0mg\/kg of both CS and SM in the diet of broilers resulted in the highest villus height and width, crypt depth, and percentage of oleic and linolenic acids. The results of the present study suggest that feeding 250 and 500\u00a0mg\/kg of dry extract of CS and SM in the diet may have positive effects on the traits studied, but to save feed costs, only250 mg\/kg is recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2620","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,9]],"date-time":"2021-10-09T02:12:45Z","timestamp":1633745565000},"page":"6692-6706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The effects of <i>Cynara scolymus<\/i> and <i>Silybum marianum<\/i> on growth, carcass and organ characteristics, immunity, blood constitutes, liver enzymes, jejunum morphology, and fatty acid profile of breast meat in broilers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Zaker\u2010Esteghamati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1903-2753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alireza","family":"Seidavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2622-3777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehrdad","family":"Bouyeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"306","article-title":"Neuroprotective and hepatoprotective effects of micronized purified flavonoid fraction (Daflon\u0174) in lipopolysaccharidetreated rats","volume":"6","author":"Abdel\u2010Salam O.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Discoveries and Therapeutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"403","article-title":"Effects of milk thistle seeds, whole plant and extract on performance, carcass characteristics and some blood parameters of broiler chickens fed with Aflatoxin B1 contaminated diet","volume":"19","author":"Afshin M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Animal Production"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0043933917000514"},{"issue":"26","key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1098","article-title":"Effect of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) on biochemical parameters and immunity of broiler chicks fed Aflatoxin B1 after three weeks. 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