{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:44:41Z","timestamp":1786977881075,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an intestinal disease that frequently occurs in premature infants. Presently, there is no effective therapy for NEC. Therefore, the key to reduce the incidence rate of NEC is to take effective intervention measures as early as possible. Short\u2010chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (acetate, propionate, and butyrate), the principal terminal products of enterobacteria fermentation, play anti\u2010inflammatory actions in mature intestinal cells. However, few studies focus on their roles in immature intestine. Here, we evaluated the anti\u2010inflammatory actions of SCFAs ex vivo with ICR fetal mouse jejunum cultures and explored the potential anti\u2010inflammatory regulators through RNA\u2010seq and then verified them in vitro with human fetal small intestinal epithelial FHs 74 Int cells. In this study, we found that acetate, propionate, and butyrate decreased IL\u20101\u03b2\u2010induced production of CXCL2 ex vivo and IL\u20108 and IL\u20106 in vitro significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). Furthermore, the inhibitors of NF\u2010\u03baB p65, JNK1\/2, and ERK1\/2 pathways, which were selected from RNA\u2010seq and depressed by SCFAs, also significantly decreased IL\u20108 and IL\u20106 productions induced by IL\u20101\u03b2 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). Therefore, our results showed that acetate, propionate, and butyrate ameliorated the fetal small intestine inflammatory response induced by IL\u20101\u03b2 through inhibiting ERK1\/2 pathway; NF\u2010\u03baB p65, JNK1\/2, and ERK1\/2 pathways; or NF\u2010\u03baB p65 and ERK1\/2 pathways, respectively. These findings suggested that SCFAs may be a new therapy agent for NEC.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,18]],"date-time":"2022-01-18T04:59:36Z","timestamp":1642481976000},"page":"564-576","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Anti\u2010inflammatory actions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate in fetal mouse jejunum cultures ex vivo and immature small intestinal cells in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shengnan","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quality &amp; Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering Qingdao Agricultural University Qingdao China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quality &amp; Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziwei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quality &amp; Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quality &amp; Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal 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of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5365-9680","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Quality &amp; Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"Milk and Dairy Product Inspection Center of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 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