{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:13:51Z","timestamp":1788437631605,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647302400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dietary acid load (DAL) is an important determinant of systemic pH and acid\u2013base homeostasis. Diets abundant in acidogenic foods, such as meat and meat products, induce a low\u2010grade metabolic acidosis state that has been associated with cardiovascular disease, type\u20102\u2010diabetes, and an increased cancer risk. Fruits and vegetables have alkalizing properties and beneficially affect DAL. It has thus been suggested that a plant\u2010based diet (restricting or excluding animal products) may be a powerful tool in reducing DAL; yet studies in that particular field are scarce. To explore these associations in greater detail, we examined DAL in self\u2010identified vegetarians from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007\u20132010). We compared dietary intake and two widely used markers of DAL (PRAL (potential renal acid load) and NEAP (net endogenous acid production; NEAP<jats:sub>F<\/jats:sub> and NEAP<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub>)) among 8,398 nonvegetarians and 191 lacto\u2010ovo\u2010vegetarians with reliable dietary intake aged 18\u00a0years or older. Vegetarians had a more favorable body mass index and consumed fewer calories (1862.31\u00a0kcal\/d) than nonvegetarians (2041.12\u00a0kcal\/d). Vegetarians consumed fewer protein (34.17\u00a0g\/1000\u00a0kcal) and phosphorus compared to nonvegetarians (39.50\u00a0g of protein\/1000\u00a0kcal) but had a higher intake of magnesium and potassium. Nonvegetarians exhibited higher median DAL scores (PRAL: 11.90\u00a0mEq\/d, NEAP<jats:sub>F<\/jats:sub>: 53.59\u00a0mEq\/d, NEAP<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub>: 55.67\u00a0mEq\/d) than vegetarians (PRAL: \u22120.44\u00a0mEq\/d, NEAP<jats:sub>F<\/jats:sub>: 39.60\u00a0mEq\/d, NEAP<jats:sub>R<\/jats:sub>: 41.30\u00a0mEq\/d). Vegetarians had more favorable DAL scores compared to nonvegetarians in this descriptive epidemiologic study. Future (interventional) trials are warranted to examine the varying acid load in different plant\u2010based dietary patterns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T14:00:21Z","timestamp":1647352821000},"page":"2091-2100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Reduced dietary acid load in U.S. vegetarian adults: Results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3277-0301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maximilian Andreas","family":"Storz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Complementary Medicine Department of Internal Medicine II Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg  Freiburg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alvaro Luis","family":"Ronco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Oncology and Radiotherapy Pereira Rossell Women's Hospital  Montevideo Uruguay"},{"name":"School of Medicine CLAEH University  Maldonado Uruguay"},{"name":"Biomedical Sciences Center University of Montevideo  Montevideo Uruguay"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2011.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.07.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9091023"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130\u2010017\u20100620\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471\u20102369\u201016\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130\u2010009\u20100149\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937\u2010020\u201000547\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2007.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.022343"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125\u2010013\u20103100\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtemb.2008.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895\u20104356(99)00097\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.6.1491"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.3.576"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114508901240"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933\u2010016\u20100436\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.profoo.2015.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2021.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937\u2010020\u201000653\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000046294"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112661"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114518001071"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2017.133"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18199998"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00726\u2010002\u20100208\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","volume-title":"Dietary Assessment Primer","author":"National Cancer Institute","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","unstructured":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services(2021).https:\/\/www.cms.gov\/About\u2010CMS\/Agency\u2010Information\/OMH\/resource\u2010center\/hcps\u2010and\u2010researchers\/data\u2010tools\/sgm\u2010clearinghouse\/nhanes"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","volume-title":"DR1TOT_E","author":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Dietary Interview","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","volume-title":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey tutorials \u2010 module 2 \u2010 sample design","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","volume-title":"NHANES \u2010 About the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","volume-title":"NHANES 2007\u20102008. 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