{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T00:06:08Z","timestamp":1787961968433,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Inadequately diversified food consumption during pregnancy can lead to micronutrient deficiencies, which can affect maternal and newborn health outcomes. Previous studies on maternal dietary diversity have either been limited to a specific geographical region or consist entirely of systematic reviews, without meta\u2010analyses. Thus, this study aimed to determine the pooled estimate of the association between inadequate dietary diversity during pregnancy, maternal anemia, and low birth weight in Africa. A systematic review of observational studies published between January 2000 and April 2022 was undertaken using the Google Scholar, PubMed, and CINAHL databases. The PRISMA checklist was followed to present the results. Microsoft Excel was used to abstract the data. STATA version 17 was used to analyze the data, and a random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis model was applied to compute the pooled estimates. The study was registered in PROSPERO with protocol number CRD42022320873. A total of 22 publications with 9,696 participants were included in the final meta\u2010analysis. The pooled adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for inadequate dietary diversity and maternal anemia was 2.15 (95% CI, 1.66\u20132.65), while that for low birth weight was 2.04 (95% CI, 1.46\u20132.63). The highest pooled estimate of maternal anemia was reported in Cameroon (AOR\u2009=\u20099.8, 95% CI: 1.68\u201317.92), followed by Ethiopia (AOR\u2009=\u20092.6, 95% CI: 1.95\u20133.25). Similarly, the pooled estimates of low birth weight were highest in Cameroon (AOR\u2009=\u20093.04, 95% CI: 1.19\u20134.88) and Ethiopia (AOR\u2009=\u20091.8, 95% CI: 1.29\u20132.39). In Africa, pregnant mothers with inadequate dietary diversity are two times more likely to develop anemia and low birth weight. Social protection policies that prioritize pregnant women, maternal nutrition promotion in the community, and dietary counseling during antenatal care visits, using national food\u2010based dietary guidelines, should be strengthened.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T08:00:01Z","timestamp":1683360001000},"page":"3706-3717","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Inadequate dietary diversity during pregnancy increases the risk of maternal anemia and low birth weight in Africa: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7457-4053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Awole","family":"Seid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Health Nursing College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University  Bahir Dar Ethiopia"},{"name":"Center for Food Sciences and Nutrition Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1267-2010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Desta","family":"Dugassa\u00a0Fufa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Sciences and Nutrition Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"},{"name":"Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University  Dire Dawa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misrak","family":"Weldeyohannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuriyash","family":"Tadesse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Mekelle University  Mekelle Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8010-1482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Selamawit Lake","family":"Fenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Midwifery College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University  Bahir Dar Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5695-3896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zebenay Workneh","family":"Bitew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Food Sciences and Nutrition Addis Ababa University  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"},{"name":"St. Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College  Addis Ababa Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getenet","family":"Dessie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Adult Health Nursing College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University  Bahir Dar Ethiopia"},{"name":"National Center for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National University, College of Health and Medicine  Australian Capital Territory Canberra Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103431"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-888"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12878\u2010018\u20100124\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","volume-title":"Determinants of Low birth weight infants in Mekelle zone","author":"Adem O. 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