{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T20:07:32Z","timestamp":1787083652023,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]],"date-time":"2023-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to the low cost, natural origin, higher safety margins, and little to negligible adverse effects of herbal medications, the use of plants and plant derivatives in medicine is becoming increasingly widespread. <jats:italic>Terminalia chebula<\/jats:italic> is among the most significant medicinal plants in ayurvedic, siddha, unani, and homeopathic remedies. It is ranked first in Ayurvedic material medicine. <jats:italic>T. chebula<\/jats:italic> has been shown to have established effects against various bacterial and fungal infections, including dental caries pathogens. In recent years, there has been a rise in interest in dentistry and medicine related to <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>. The research aimed to assess the antibacterial effectiveness of different concentrations of <jats:italic>T. chebula<\/jats:italic> ethanolic fruit extract (10%, 40%, and 100%) in opposition to <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic> and compare it with 2% chlorhexidine. For the study, <jats:italic>T. chebula<\/jats:italic> ethanolic fruit extracts were obtained and prepared with Group I: \u221210% concentration, Group II: \u221240% concentration, Group III: \u2212100% concentration, and Group IV: \u22122% chlorhexidine. Colonies of <jats:italic>E. faecalis<\/jats:italic> were cultivated in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth at 37\u00b0C and were inoculated in 16 BHI agar plates. Then, on the petri dishes, four wells were created (8\u2009mm diameter) using a metal borer. The Agar well diffusion method was used to examine the antibacterial activity, and the zones of inhibition around the wells were noted. The obtained data were statistically analyzed using one\u2010way ANOVA and post\u2010hoc tests. The result shows that as the concentration increases, there is an increase in the efficacy of the antibacterial property of the extract before it reaches the saturation point. The decreasing order of antibacterial was chlorhexidine &gt;100% <jats:italic>T. chebula<\/jats:italic> &gt;40% <jats:italic>T. chebula<\/jats:italic> &gt;10% <jats:italic>T. chebula<\/jats:italic>. The production of contemporary pharmaceuticals from <jats:italic>T. chebula<\/jats:italic> was addressed, as the global scenario is currently evolving toward using nontoxic plant products with traditional medicinal benefits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3814","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,30]],"date-time":"2023-11-30T06:35:28Z","timestamp":1701326128000},"page":"1006-1011","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation and comparison of antibacterial efficacy of different concentrations of Chhattisgarh herbal product\u2014<i>Terminalia chebula<\/i> fruit extract in opposition to <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i>: An in\u00a0vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shivani Deepak","family":"Doye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre  Anjora, Durg Chhattisgarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manjunath","family":"Malur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre  Anjora, Durg Chhattisgarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogesh","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre  Anjora, Durg Chhattisgarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankita","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre  Anjora, Durg Chhattisgarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Maitri College of Dentistry and Research Centre  Anjora, Durg Chhattisgarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan Noor","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Taif University  Taif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0313-9695","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohmed Isaqali","family":"Karobari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry University of Puthisastra  Phnom Penh Cambodia"},{"name":"Dental Research Unit, Center for Global Health Research Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences University  Chennai Tamil Nadu India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041743"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S364175"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"In vitro study of antioxidant, antibacterial, and cytotoxicity properties of Cordia myxa fruit extract","volume":"14","author":"Al\u2010Musawi M. 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Terminalia chebula: An update","volume":"1","author":"Chattopadhyay R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacognosy Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","first-page":"151","article-title":"Terminalia chebula: An Update","volume":"1","author":"Chattopadhyay R.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacognosy Reviews"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/coatings11070849"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of Terminalia Chebula fruit extracts against Enterococcus Faecalis","volume":"2","author":"Grover S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Biological and pharmacological properties of Terminalia chebula Retz.(Haritaki)\u2010an overview","volume":"4","author":"Gupta P. 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