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The well\u2010diffusion method was used to evaluate their antimicrobial activity against bacteria typically associated with food spoilage: <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>, and three <jats:italic>Bacillus<\/jats:italic> species<jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic> The 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20105\u2010(3\u2010carboxymethoxyphenyl)\u20102\u2010(4\u2010sulfophenyl)\u20102H\u2010tetrazolium (MTT) was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity against colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116), prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3), ovarian cancer cells (SKOV\u20103), and fibroblasts (MRC\u20105). The antioxidant evaluation was done using the 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl\u2010hydrate (DPPH) assay. The pH of the water\u2010containing extracts was acidic and almost the same over 6\u2009weeks. The six PPEs inhibited the bacterial growth in a comparable level to standard antibiotics. The effectiveness of each extract was dependent on the bacterial strain, and the <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic> showed a remarkable inhibition when exposed to the aqueous extract prepared at room temperature (RT). The aqueous (RT) and methanol PPEs had a significant antioxidant scavenging capability and a remarkable cytotoxic activity against the PC3 with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) of 0.1\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. The boiled aqueous extract exhibited antiproliferative activity against HCT116 with an IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of 21.45\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. The effect on SKOV\u20103 and fibroblasts was insignificant. With the exception of butanol, the antioxidant screening shows an inverse correlation between the polarity of the extraction solvent and the IC50 exhibited by the PPEs. The variation in the effectiveness of PPEs is suggested to be due to variable soluble bioactive compounds that may interact differently with different cells, though water\u2010containing extracts are promising antibacterial agents. The findings clearly show that pomegranate peel possessed the potential to be an eco\u2010friendly novel source for natural compounds that can be implemented in the food industry as a natural antimicrobial and natural food additive to prevent foodborne illnesses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3963","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]],"date-time":"2024-03-06T07:43:55Z","timestamp":1709711035000},"page":"2818-2832","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Pomegranate peel: Bioactivities as antimicrobial and cytotoxic agents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1434-259X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lubna F.","family":"Abu\u2010Niaaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, John W. 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