{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T11:06:28Z","timestamp":1778670388388,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]],"date-time":"2024-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Imagine consuming a daily diet rich in fatty acids to help treat diseases such as hypertension and obesity. This concept presents an attractive paradox. In particular, consuming walnut kernels is beneficial for treating diseases associated with metabolic syndrome (MetS), including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Different parts of the <jats:italic>Juglans regia<\/jats:italic> tree (family Juglandaceae), including its leaves, green husks, bark, and septum, have shown promising effects on pathological conditions related to MetS. The therapeutic advantages of consuming walnut kernels for MetS can be attributed to the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenolic compounds such as juglone and ellagic acid. Diets enriched with walnut kernel have a positive impact on MetS complications by reducing diastolic blood pressure, improving blood lipid profiles, lowering fasting blood sugar levels, and increasing insulin sensitivity. The potential cellular mechanisms responsible for these benefits involve activating the cholesterol hemostasis pathway by inhibiting sterol regulatory element\u2010binding proteins (SREBPs), proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). Furthermore, other by\u2010products of walnuts, such as leaves and green husks, have also demonstrated effectiveness in managing MetS. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating walnut\u2010based products into our diets as a natural approach to combating MetS and its complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,29]],"date-time":"2024-01-29T04:49:07Z","timestamp":1706503747000},"page":"2311-2333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Can daily consumption of enriched fatty acids diet be effective in improving metabolic syndrome? An attractive paradox for walnut kernel"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Melika","family":"Samei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nafiseh","family":"Dowlatkhahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motahareh","family":"Boozari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3483-851X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hossein","family":"Hosseinzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003177.pub5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0254\u20106272(13)60047\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1354750x.2021.2024601"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5570"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020451"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/74.1.72"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/187346"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214460"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3554"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10641963.2022.2065287"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2475"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3031"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2007.0611"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/fst.29720"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.21"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13813455.2019.1668018"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jcim\u20102021\u20100083"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.112.170993"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10091317"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5543025"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/1585692"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.409"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2009.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.06.057"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/atv.0000000000000062"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.2.428"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114511007288"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22038\/ijbms.2019.31964.7678"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.12766"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15171\/ijep.2018.02"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","first-page":"1275","article-title":"Effects of Portulaca oleracea L. (purslane) on the metabolic syndrome: A review","volume":"25","author":"Ebrahimian Z.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6646"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6679"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14102051"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2010.0169"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11121698"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14071473"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.169404"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa374"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210\u2010016\u20101256\u20100"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","first-page":"414","article-title":"Antihypertensive, antidyslipidemic, and renoprotective effects of Bursera simaruba on metabolic syndrome","volume":"26","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez E. A. G.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618\u2010015\u20100313\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2008\u20102231\u201022\u201019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9101056"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Antinociceptive, anti\u2010inflammatory and acute toxicity effects of Juglans regia L. leaves in mice","volume":"13","author":"Hosseinzadeh H.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2019.13.2.105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/130.2.171"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_51_1","first-page":"251","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of fresh leaf and peel extracts of walnut (Juglans regia L.) on blood glucose and \u03b2\u2010cells of streptozotocin\u2010induced diabetic rats","volume":"3","author":"Javidanpour S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Veterinary Research Forum"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajtcam.v4i3.31223"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13880209.2016.1233570"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.266"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2012.10720468"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2014.0061"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.115.002771"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1FO00427A"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.907"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09\u20101156"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22038\/ijbms.2020.42115.9957"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030604"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753\u20100407.2009.00051.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_64_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"The effect of hydro alcoholic extract of Juglans regia leaves in streptozotocin\u2010nicotinamide induced diabetic rats","volume":"25","author":"Mohammadi J.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2017.03.056"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5812\/ijem.34726"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)31536-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22038\/ijbms.2017.9465"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_69_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Juglans regia L. leaf extract attenuates diabetic nephropathy progression in experimental diabetes: An immunohistochemical study","volume":"44","author":"Nasiry D.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906\u2010017\u20101983\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2013.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjdrc\u20102015\u2010000115"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0890117118791120"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2008.10719710"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/124974"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/2230\u20108210.91175"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.04.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mbc.0000174966.86549.27"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2014.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906\u2010018\u20102268\u20108"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_81_1","first-page":"465","article-title":"Evaluation of alpha\u2010 amylase inhibition by Urtica dioica and Juglans regia extracts","volume":"17","author":"Rahimzadeh M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618\u2010014\u20100150\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813822-9.00034-5"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_84_1","first-page":"285","article-title":"Assessment of atherogenicity of students daily diets of Wroc\u0142aw Medical University","volume":"63","author":"Regulska\u2010Ilow B.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Roczniki Pa\u0144stwowego Zak\u0142adu Higieny"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2005.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937\u2010017\u20100304\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25092187"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9050424"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20051567"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/nejm199303043280902"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nem047"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_13_92_1","first-page":"664","article-title":"The effects of ginger and its constituents in the prevention of metabolic syndrome: A review","volume":"25","author":"Salaramoli S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22038\/ijbms.2018.25200.6238"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjhyper.2005.12.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9070722"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6465"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf803441c"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786410903417378"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2020.1796931"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.09.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986\u2010020\u201000514\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/rej.2018.2140"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22038\/ijbms.2017.8682"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5805"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6153"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2009.19"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.12.2777"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz289"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/jaha.118.011512"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_110_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.5862"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001052"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13773"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.04.047"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.11.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_115_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2010.10719898"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_116_1","first-page":"420","article-title":"Effect of eggplant (Solanum melongena) on the metabolic syndrome: A review","volume":"24","author":"Yarmohammadi F.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003\u20104819\u2010132\u20107\u2010200004040\u201000005"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2021.114484"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2017.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/000331970305400404"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.3972","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T01:14:34Z","timestamp":1713143674000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.3972"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.3972"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.3972","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-08-30","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-09","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-28","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}