{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T21:54:34Z","timestamp":1780696474141,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,19]],"date-time":"2024-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004704","name":"National Research Council of Thailand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018NRCT32900\/695259"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018NRCT32900\/695259"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004704","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Excessive oxidative toxicity in liver cells is a significant risk factor that can cause cellular injury, leading to the development of chronic liver disease (CLD). Natural anthocyanins have been shown to prevent the harmful effects of oxidative toxicity in mammalian cells. Ripe <jats:italic>Cleistocalyx nervosum<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>paniala<\/jats:italic> berry fruits are rich in anthocyanins, which have been reported to possess many health benefits. Therefore, this study examined the protective effect of ethanolic fruit extract of <jats:italic>C. nervosum<\/jats:italic> var. <jats:italic>paniala<\/jats:italic> (CNPE) against hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>)\u2010induced oxidative damage and cell death in human hepatoma HepG2 cells. Results showed that CNPE had strong antioxidant capabilities and high amounts of total phenolics and anthocyanins. HPLC analysis showed that CNPE consists of cyanidin\u20103\u2010glucoside (C3G). Our investigations found that HepG2 cells pretreated with CNPE or anthocyanin C3G inhibited H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced cellular damage and apoptosis by increasing the viability of cells, the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl\u20102 protein, and the activities of cellular antioxidant enzymes, namely SOD, CAT, and GPx. Moreover, both CNPE and C3G significantly suppressed expression of apoptotic proteins (Bax and cytochrome c) and the activities of cleaved caspase\u20109 and caspase\u20103 caused by H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>. Our results indicate that CNPE and C3G can suppress H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced hepatotoxicity and cell death through stimulation of endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibition of apoptosis pathway in HepG2 cells. These findings might support development of CNPE as an alternative natural product for preventing CLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,20]],"date-time":"2024-01-20T03:55:00Z","timestamp":1705722900000},"page":"2947-2962","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["<i>Cleistocalyx nervosum<\/i> var. <i>paniala<\/i> berry extract and cyanidin\u20103\u2010glucoside inhibit hepatotoxicity and apoptosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Pasitta","family":"Panritdum","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate student in Master of Science Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University  Bangkok Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chawanphat","family":"Muangnoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Animal Model Unit, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University  Nakhon Pathom Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siriporn","family":"Tuntipopipat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell and Animal Model Unit, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University  Nakhon Pathom Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somsri","family":"Charoenkiatkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University  Nakhon Pathom Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0205-7337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monruedee","family":"Sukprasansap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Toxicology Unit, Institute of Nutrition Mahidol University  Nakhon Pathom 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