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Current anti\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    drugs are not effective enough in immunocompromised patients, encephalitis, chorioretinitis, and congenital toxoplasmosis. Therefore, the prescription of these drugs has been limited. Rose hip oil (RhO) is a natural plant compound, which shows antibacterial, anticancer, and anti\u2010inflammatory activities. In the current study, the anti\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and cell toxicity effects of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) loaded by RhO (RhO\u2010SLNs) were evaluated. Emulsification sonicated\u2010homogenization method was used to prepare SLNs. RhO\u2010SLNs were characterized, and their anti\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and cell toxicity effects were evaluated using in\u00a0vitro analyses. The particle size and the zeta potential of the nanoparticles were 152.09\u2009nm and \u221215.3\u2009mV\u2009nm, respectively. The entrapment efficiency percentage was 79.1%. In the present study, the inhibitory concentration (IC)\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    against\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    was &gt;1\u2009\u03bcg\/mL (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010value &lt;.0001). The cell toxicity assay showed cytotoxicity concentration (CC)\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    &gt;10\u2009mg\/mL (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010value\u2009=\u2009.017). In addition, at least 75% of\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010infected Vero cells remained alive at concentrations &gt;10\u2009mg\/mL. The concentration of 1\u2009mg\/mL showed highest anti\u2010\n                    <jats:italic>Toxoplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    activity and lowest cell toxicity against the Vero cell. Our findings suggest that carrying natural plant compounds with SLNs could be considered an effective option for treatment strategies against\n                    <jats:italic>T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T03:22:00Z","timestamp":1708399320000},"page":"3725-3734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Anti\u2010\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    activity of rose hip oil\u2013solid lipid nanoparticles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hanieh","family":"Mohammad\u00a0Rahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0077-1222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Hesari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics School of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences  Rasht Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elnaz Sadat","family":"Mirsamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Nemati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2568-9022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamed","family":"Mirjalali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216498"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2016.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-777X.145248"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.900046"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.11.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14040883"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2311"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/340577"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436\u2010017\u20105458\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2019.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nano9030474"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-017-0206-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/parasite\/2000071003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.583"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.200700351"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42535\u2010022\u201000549\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/v10136-012-0014-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00239-019-09914-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","first-page":"S61","article-title":"Cerebral toxoplasmosis after renal transplantation. 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