{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T05:03:20Z","timestamp":1788671000816,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1716768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Diabetes poses a significant global health burden, demanding safe and effective therapeutic interventions. Medicinal plants offer promising avenues for natural diabetic management.\n                    <jats:italic>Galega officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (goat's rue) has long been recognized for its hypoglycemic potential, but optimizing its phytochemical content and antidiabetic activity remains a key challenge. This study aimed to address this aspect by investigating the impact of foliar application of chitosan and salicylic acid on the physiological and phytochemical properties of\n                    <jats:italic>G.\u2009officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and subsequently evaluating its antidiabetic efficacy compared to that of the established drug metformin. A randomized complete block design with three replications was employed. Laboratory mice were divided into treatment groups receiving\n                    <jats:italic>G.\u2009officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract from plants sprayed with four salicylic acid concentrations (0.5\u20133\u2009mM\/L) and four chitosan concentrations (0\u20130.8\u2009g\/L). Blood glucose levels and various physiological parameters were assessed. Chitosan at 0.4\u2009g\/L and salicylic acid at 2\u2009mM significantly enhanced the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant activity of\n                    <jats:italic>G.\u2009officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Notably, the extract from plants treated with 3\u2009mM salicylic acid exhibited the highest total alkaloid content, a potential contributor to antidiabetic activity. In a separate study, diabetic mice treated with this optimized\n                    <jats:italic>G.\u2009officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    extract (50\u2009mg\/kg) exhibited significantly greater blood glucose reductions compared to those treated with metformin (500\u2009mg). This study demonstrates the potential of chitosan and salicylic acid in optimizing the beneficial properties of\n                    <jats:italic>G.\u2009officinalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The extract derived from plants treated with 3\u2009mM salicylic acid displayed superior blood glucose\u2010lowering efficacy compared to metformin, suggesting its promising role as a potential natural antidiabetic therapy. Further research is warranted to elucidate the specific bioactive compounds responsible for this enhanced activity and translate these findings into clinical applications.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T04:55:24Z","timestamp":1716785724000},"page":"5844-5857","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Optimizing antidiabetic properties of\n                    <i>Galega officinalis<\/i>\n                    extract: Investigating the effects of foliar application of chitosan and salicylic acid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Farinaz","family":"Angouti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3849-9983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Nourafcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Medicinal Plants and Organic Products Research Center, Miyaneh Branch Islamic Azad University  Miyaneh Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sakineh","family":"Saeedi\u00a0Sar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural Science Technical and Vocational University (TVU)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Assad","family":"Assadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Miyaneh Branch Islamic Azad University  Miyaneh Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raheleh","family":"Ebrahimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticultural Science and Agronomy, Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27618-z"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"108","article-title":"Protective effect of Galega officinalis extract on streptozotocin\u2010induced kidney damage and biochemical factor in diabetic rats","volume":"4","author":"Abtahi\u2010Evari S. 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