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The molecular formula of sulforaphane (SFN) is C\n                    <jats:sub>6<\/jats:sub>\n                    H\n                    <jats:sub>11<\/jats:sub>\n                    NOS\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    . SFN is generated by the hydrolysis of glucoraphanin (GRP) through the enzyme myrosinase, showing notable properties including anti\u2010diabetic, anti\u2010inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti\u2010angiogenic, and anticancer attributes. Ongoing clinical trials are investigating its potential in diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes\u2010related complications, chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, and liver diseases. Several animal carcinogenesis models and cell culture models have shown it to be a very effective chemopreventive agent, and the protective effects of SFN in ophthalmic diseases have been linked to multiple mechanisms. In murine models of diabetic retinopathy and age\u2010related macular degeneration, SFN delays retinal photoreceptor cell degeneration through the Nrf2 antioxidative pathway, NF\u2010\u03baB pathway, AMPK pathway, and Txnip\/mTOR pathway. In rabbit models of keratoconus and cataract, SFN has been shown to protect corneal and lens epithelial cells from oxidative stress injury by activating the Keap1\u2010Nrf2\u2010ARE pathway and the Nrf\u20102\/HO\u20101 antioxidant pathway. Oral delivery or intraperitoneal injection at varying concentrations are the primary strategies for SFN intake in current preclinical studies. Challenges remain in the application of SFN in eye disorders due to its weak solubility in water and limited bioavailability because of the presence of blood\u2013ocular barrier systems. This review comprehensively outlines recent research on SFN, elucidates its mechanisms of action, and discusses potential therapeutic benefits for eye disorders such as age\u2010related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), cataracts, and other ophthalmic diseases, while also indicating directions for future clinical research to achieve efficient SFN treatment for ophthalmic diseases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,23]],"date-time":"2024-05-23T02:54:29Z","timestamp":1716432869000},"page":"5296-5311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sulforaphane and ophthalmic diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4615-8925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yichi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojing","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuxia","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat\u2010sen University  Zhuhai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394\u2010020\u201002322\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10637\u2010014\u20100189\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exer.2015.06.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1005073"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11172191"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(05)17911\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32022"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aah4477"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/09637486.2012.665043"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0114764"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700990"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2020.105283"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00567"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35025220"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","unstructured":"Central South University Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Shanghai Mental Health Center West China Hospital First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Air Force Military Medical University China Jiangsu Province Nanjing Brain Hospital First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Shanxi Medical University First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University Guangzhou Mental Hospital First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Capital Medical University China Medical University China The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital Xi'an Jiaotong University Hebei Medical University Shenzhen Mental Health Center Sun Yat\u2010sen University \u2026Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. 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