{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T16:46:11Z","timestamp":1787157971389,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012155","name":"National Institute for Medical Research Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Skeletal muscle atrophy is the reduction in muscle mass and function caused by an imbalance in protein synthesis and degradation. Inflammation has been shown to accelerate protein degradation during periods of muscle inactivity. We investigated the potential therapeutic effects of beetroot extract (BRE) in reducing inflammation and oxidative stress to prevent muscular atrophy after a short period of immobilization. We divided 36 male BALB\/c mice into three groups: control, muscular atrophy mice, and muscular atrophy mice treated with BRE (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200912). Each group was further divided into two subgroups: (1) 7\u2010day immobilization and (2) 10\u2010day recovery. BRE was administered orally at a dose of 300\u2009mg\/kg for 17\u2009days. We assessed the anti\u2010inflammatory and antioxidative effects of BRE using ELISA and RT\u2010PCR assays. Hematoxylin\u2013eosin staining was used to measure the cross\u2010sectional area (CSA) of muscle fibers, and grip strength tests were performed to assess muscle strength. BRE administration increased muscle weight, CSA, and grip strength in mice with immobilization\u2010induced muscle atrophy. It also suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers in atrophic muscle fibers. Higher nitrate levels and lower Troponin I (TnI) concentrations were observed in the BRE\u2010treated group, indicating improved muscle function and structure. These findings suggest that BRE may have therapeutic benefits in improving muscle mass and function and warrant further studies in humans, particularly in individuals with low physical activity levels.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]],"date-time":"2024-09-23T05:48:10Z","timestamp":1727070490000},"page":"9085-9093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The therapeutic potential of red beetroot (\n                    <i>Beta vulgaris<\/i>\n                    L.) intake on muscle atrophy in immobilized mouse skeletal\u00a0muscles"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Seyedeh Elnaz","family":"Nazari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Basic Sciences Research Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Student Research Committee Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nima","family":"Khalili\u2010Tanha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Basic Sciences Research Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Babaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Jafarzadeh\u00a0Esfahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghazaleh","family":"Khalili\u2010Tanha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Basic Sciences Research Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fereshteh","family":"Asgharzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Khojasteh\u2010Leylakoohi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Basic Sciences Research Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyedeh Zahra","family":"Asghari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mousa\u2010Al\u2010Reza","family":"Hadjzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Mahdi","family":"Hassanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Basic Sciences Research Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Ferns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Education Brighton &amp; Sussex Medical School  Brighton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Avan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Basic Sciences Research Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Medical Genetics Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3585-9854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Rezvani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7979-5699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Majid","family":"Khazaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Metabolic Syndrome Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Basic Sciences Research Institute Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","article-title":"Exploring the role of oxidative stress in skeletal muscle atrophy: Mechanisms and implications","volume":"15","author":"Agrawal S.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-019-07009-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2020.155373"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12091380"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7101605"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110622"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12043"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmg.2017.12.001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Red beetroot: Composition and health effects\u2014A review","volume":"6","author":"Ceclu L.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Nutritional Medicine andDiet Care"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e318190ebdb"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2022.964130"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8080506"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12970-017-0204-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-13-1435-3_4"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","article-title":"Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) extract ameliorates gentamicin\u2010induced nephrotoxicity associated oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in rodent model","volume":"261","author":"El Gamal A. A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mediators of Inflammation"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00122.2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cophys.2019.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26282"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201002-0234OC"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Anti\u2010inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Beta vulgaris L","volume":"2","author":"Jain S.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Basic and Clinical Pharmacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12217-023-10057-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0149-y"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","first-page":"242","article-title":"The effect of beetroot juice on repeated sprint performance and muscle force production","volume":"14","author":"Kokkinoplitis K.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Physical Education and Sport"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9070571"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2023.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf803315d"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24081602"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-021419-083902"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20743","article-title":"Oxidative stress, chronic disease, and muscle wasting","volume":"35","author":"Moylan J. S.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Muscle & Nerve: Official Journal of the American Association of Electrodiagnostic Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2013.02.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.790437"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/14799731211056092"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_35_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Influence of betalain\u2010rich extract on reduction of discomfort associated with osteoarthritis","volume":"1","author":"Pietrzkowski Z.","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2004.073965"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14224759"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-014-0255-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13205-019-1677-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.00509"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-013-6845-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.2355"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00454.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_44_1","volume-title":"Effects of Betalain\u2010rich extract supplementation on the physiological response to exercise in competitive runners","author":"Van Hoorebeke J. S.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.01.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071812-161159"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wulandari A. Dirgahayu P. &Wiboworini B.(2021).Beetroot powder (Beta vulgaris L.) decrease oxidative stress by reducing of malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in hyperuricemia. Paper Presented at the Journal of International Conference Proceedings (JICP).","DOI":"10.32535\/jicp.v4i1.1156"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0191318"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14008-1"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70679","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000}}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.4335","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.4335","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.4335","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,15]],"date-time":"2026-02-15T16:46:31Z","timestamp":1771173991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.4335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.4335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.4335","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-02","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-09-23","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}