{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T18:12:45Z","timestamp":1787854365950,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health concern characterized by fat accumulation and severe disorders like nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which are influenced by obesity, inflammatory processes, and metabolic pathways. This research investigates the potential of silymarin\u2010supplemented cookies in managing NAFLD by evaluating their impact on liver enzyme activity, inflammatory markers, and lipid profiles. A clinical trial in Lahore, Pakistan, involved 64 NAFLD patients. Participants were divided into placebo and three treatment groups, with the latter receiving silymarin\u2010supplemented cookies for 3 months. The study assessed liver enzyme levels and inflammatory markers, at baseline and after the intervention, utilizing statistical analyses to evaluate differences. The lipid profile and renal function test (RFT) were also measured at baseline and after 3\u2009months in each group for safety assessment. After 3 months, the treatment groups indicated more significant decreases in liver enzymes compared to the placebo group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u2009.05). Treatment 3 showed significant reductions in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (64.39\u201349.38\u2009U\/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (61.53\u201345.38\u2009U\/L). Treatment 3 also showed improvements in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and the AST\/ALT ratio. Additionally, the treatment group demonstrated a significant reduction in inflammatory markers. Treatment 3 showed a significant decrease in C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) (6.32\u20133.39\u2009mg\/L) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (38.72\u201323.86\u2009mm\/h), indicating that individuals with NAFLD may benefit from the intervention's potential benefits in lowering inflammation. The study revealed that an intervention significantly improved the inflammatory markers, liver enzymes, and lipid profiles of NAFLD participants, suggesting potential benefits for liver health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T21:53:42Z","timestamp":1721253222000},"page":"7273-7286","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Impact of silymarin\u2010supplemented cookies on liver enzyme and inflammatory markers in non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hafiza Madiha","family":"Jaffar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences University Institute of Diet &amp; Nutritional Sciences, University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huma","family":"Bader\u00a0ul\u00a0Ain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences University Institute of Diet &amp; Nutritional Sciences, University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7632-5261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tabussam","family":"Tufail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Allied Health Sciences University Institute of Diet &amp; Nutritional Sciences, University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"},{"name":"School of Food and Biological Engineering Jiangsu University  Zhenjiang China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asif","family":"Hanif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allied Health Sciences The University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8332-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tabarak","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences Jimma University  Jimma Ethiopia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2022.2069854"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/9199190","article-title":"Effect of silymarin as an adjunct therapy in combination with sofosbuvir and ribavirin in hepatitis C patients: A miniature clinical trial","volume":"2022","author":"Ahmed S.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2023.2244685"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jrms.jrms_683_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2017.12.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/jbcpp-2019-0206"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2023.155721"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-020-00576-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105375"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13519"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2009.02.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.112024"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0263931"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13040536"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2019.01667"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12325-020-01251-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161226126"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics14010045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_929_19"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease: Growing burden, adverse outcomes and associations","volume":"8","author":"Kumar R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00523-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12030729"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Effects of silymarin on reducing liver aminotransferases in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases","volume":"18","author":"Masoodi M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Govaresh"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13236"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5114\/ceh.2021.107067"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871520623666230412111152"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101122"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-022-00980-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/TP.0000000000002483"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Effectiveness of Milk thistle on human body against diseases: A comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Samee A.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","first-page":"761","article-title":"Therapeutic efficacy of Silymarin on liver aminotransferases in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"46","author":"Shaikh K. 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