{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T04:30:25Z","timestamp":1790051425736,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Garlic (Alliaceae), an annual herb, is renowned not only for its distinctive flavor but also for its extensive therapeutic applications in managing various ailments and health conditions. In this study, garlic products identified as the best\u2010selling items in Turkish pharmacies for various purposes were compared with garlic grown under standard conditions in terms of chemical composition and antidiabetic, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, and antioxidant properties. Three of garlic samples were prepared by researchers. According to survey results, the most commonly sold garlic\u2010related products in pharmacies are black garlic extract tablets (4), capsules (5), garlic oil (6), garlic oil pearls (7), and fermented garlic (8). Diallyl disulfide (DADS) was identified as a predominant compound in sampled oils, ranging from 4.9% to 48.6%. Another noteworthy finding is the identification of allyl methyl disulfide and allyl methyl trisulfide as major components in sampled oils, with concentrations spanning from 2.9% to 9.8% and 0.4% to 17.5%, respectively. In both 2,2\u2032\u2010azino\u2010bis\u2010(3\u2010ethylbenzothiazoline\u20106\u2010sulfonic) acid (ABTS<jats:sup>\u00b7+<\/jats:sup>) and 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH<jats:sup>\u2022<\/jats:sup>) tests, Sample 1 (fermented) exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Sample 3 (cultivated) was richer in total phenol\u2013total tannin content. Sample 6 exhibited the highest \u03b1\u2010glucosidase inhibition among antidiabetic activities, reaching 28.93%. Sample 5 capsules demonstrated the highest <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\u2010amylase inhibition at 51.50%. Sample 7 exhibited the most notable inhibition against both acetylcholinesterase (22.92%) and butyrylcholinesterase (13.37%). Samples 3, 6, and 8 were found to be more effective against <jats:italic>Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic> with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)\u2009=\u2009625\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. A comprehensive study on garlic products, including popular items from Turkish pharmacies and those grown under standard conditions, revealed diverse chemical compositions and multifaceted health properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4352","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T02:59:29Z","timestamp":1721617169000},"page":"6849-6863","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparative content analysis and biological activity studies of fatty and essential oils from some garlic products sold in Turkish community pharmacies, natural, and fermented garlic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Elif Uluta\u015f","family":"Deniz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmacy Atat\u00fcrk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hafize","family":"Yuca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Atat\u00fcrk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bilge","family":"Ayd\u0131n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Erzincan Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m University  Erzincan Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6zde","family":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Anadolu University  Eski\u015fehir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Furkan","family":"\u00c7oban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamze","family":"G\u00f6ger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Afyokarahisar Health Sciences University  Afyon Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bet\u00fcl","family":"Demirci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy Anadolu University  Eski\u015fehir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3268-721X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Song\u00fcl","family":"Karakaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy Atat\u00fcrk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00044-021-02799-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti\u2010acetylcholinesterase activities of essential oils from garlic (Allium sativum) bulbs","volume":"31","author":"Akinyemi A. J.","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Plant Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"650","article-title":"Anticholinesterase activities: The possible mechanism suggestive of therapeutic effect of allicin in garlic on intestinal neuronal dysplasia type B","volume":"11","author":"Alare K.","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Dig Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"267","article-title":"Screening of fifteen Indian ayurvedic plants for alpha\u2010glucosidase inhibitory activity and enzyme kinetics","volume":"3","author":"Bachhawat J.","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00024a017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/1811199a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0305-1978(95)00072-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","volume-title":"Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically, CLSI M7\u2010A7","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","volume-title":"Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeast, approved standard, CLSI 27\u2010A3","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2007.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10412905.2013.868329"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2020.112675"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.10.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08910600410024816"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)88697-5"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","first-page":"401","article-title":"Medicinal values of garlic: A review","volume":"5","author":"Gebreyohannes G.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"Bitki Motoslar\u0131","author":"Gezgin D.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3831\/KPI.2019.22.031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1934578X20969083"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"1137","article-title":"MassFinder 3","volume":"6","author":"Hochmuth D. H.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(99)01292-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(92)90234-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2005.07.013"},{"issue":"13","key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","first-page":"129","article-title":"Role of garlic (Allium sativum) in various diseases: An overview","volume":"12","author":"Londhe V.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-0273-7_3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","volume-title":"The Wiley\/NBS registry of mass spectral data","author":"McLafferty F. W.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2010.10.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/jbm.2019.710004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(03)01948-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-7847.65321"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(98)00315-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/0049475054037084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-102659-5.00023-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4312\/dp.48.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5344\/ajev.1977.28.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Chemical composition and comparison of genetic variation of commonly available Thai garlic used as food supplement","volume":"89","author":"Somamno S. R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2022.2026954"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11694-021-00912-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.929554"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-022-04150-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c04123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2021.112795"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.4352","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T13:16:16Z","timestamp":1731590176000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.4352"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.4352"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.4352","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-02-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-05","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}