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This study investigated the combined effects of the food\u2010borne pathogen <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic>) and the pollutant benzo(a)pyrene (Bap) on atrophic gastritis and gut microbiota in Mongolian gerbils. The results demonstrated that simultaneous administration of <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic> and Bap caused more severe weight loss, DNA damage, and gastritis in Mongolian gerbils compared with those exposed to <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic> or Bap alone. The combination also significantly increased the serum level of proinflammatory cytokines, including IL\u20101\u03b2 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05), IL\u20106 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001), and TNF\u2010\u03b1 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Additionally, the <jats:italic>H.\u2009pylori<\/jats:italic> and Bap combination altered the composition of gut microbiota in Mongolian gerbils: the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ligilactobacillus<\/jats:italic> at the genus level (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05) was significantly reduced while the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Allobaculum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Erysipelotrichaceae<\/jats:italic> enhanced (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05). Our study revealed that the synergy of <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic> and Bap can boost the development of atrophic gastritis and lead to gut microbiota dysbiosis in Mongolian gerbils, which provides essential implications for preventing contaminated foods to sustain life and promote well\u2010being.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4368","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T04:30:00Z","timestamp":1722313800000},"page":"7568-7580","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The toxic effects of <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i> and benzo(a)pyrene in inducing atrophic gastritis and gut microbiota dysbiosis in Mongolian gerbils"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5301-9536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yilun","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical 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