{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T19:22:11Z","timestamp":1790191331831,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Caesalpinia digyna<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Family: Fabaceae) is traditionally used in Ayurvedic medicine for various medicinal purposes, including as a treatment for wounds, leprosy, skin diseases, fever, diabetes, etc. Although the root and stem of this plant have a significant medicinal value, there was little research on the leaves of this plant. This study aimed to investigate the qualitative phytochemical profile and evaluate the in\u00a0vitro cytotoxic, anti\u2010inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiarthritic activities, as well as the in\u00a0vivo anti\u2010inflammatory and analgesic activities, of\n                    <jats:italic>C. digyna<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaf extract. The methanolic extract of\n                    <jats:italic>C. digyna<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves was prepared using an ultrasonic\u2010assisted extraction process. In\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo anti\u2010inflammatory activities were evaluated using the hypotonicity\u2010induced hemolysis and carrageenan\u2010induced paw edema methods, respectively. Additionally, the extract was assessed for in\u00a0vitro DPPH (1, 1\u2010diphenyl\u20102\u2010picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging, antiarthritic (protein denaturation), and in\u00a0vivo analgesic (acetic acid\u2010induced writhing and tail immersion) activities. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay (BSLB) showed moderate cytotoxic activity (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20092.25\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) compared with the standard vincristine sulfate (LC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.61\u2009\u03bcg\/mL). In\u00a0vitro, anti\u2010inflammatory activity exhibited 85.13% (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    value\u2009=\u20092.51\u2009\u03bcg\/mL) inhibition of Human Red Blood Cell (HRBC) membrane lysis at a concentration of 2000\u2009\u03bcg\/mL whereas in\u00a0vivo anti\u2010inflammatory study exerted its maximum effect (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) at 400\u2009mg\/kg\u2009bw dose. This extract also showed significant antioxidant (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.218\u2009\u03bcg\/mL), antiarthritic (83.61% inhibition) activity, and moderate analgesic effect (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in both methods. These research findings indicated that\n                    <jats:italic>C. digyna<\/jats:italic>\n                    leaves extract has potent antioxidant, analgesic, and anti\u2010inflammatory effects which can be used as a supplementary medication for inflammatory pain\u2010relieving factors. In future, finding the mechanism involved in these effects could have significant impact on clinical science.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]],"date-time":"2024-11-04T03:10:29Z","timestamp":1730689829000},"page":"10231-10241","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Phytochemical Profiling and Pharmacological Evaluation of Methanolic Leaf Extract of\n                    <i>C. digyna<\/i>\n                    for Cytotoxic, Anti\u2010inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antiarthritic, and Analgesic Activities"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Kanij","family":"Fatema","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Abdur Rashid","family":"Mia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Northern Marianas College  CNMI USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanzina Sharmin","family":"Nipun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7168-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. M. Moazzem","family":"Hossen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Chittagong  Chittagong Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jpbs.JPBS_175_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10071348"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Antioxidant, Analgesic and Anti\u2010Inflammatory Activities of the Methanolic Extract of Piper betle Leaves","volume":"3","author":"Alam B.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e05571"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906\u2010017\u20101879\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092901"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.84357"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"A Review on Plants Having Anti\u2010Arthritic Potential Morphological and Microscopic Studies of Aerial Parts of Ceylon Leadwort View Project Vikrant Arya","volume":"7","author":"Arya V.","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acscombsci.0c00082"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27041326"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12906\u2010020\u20102848\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23208"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10265\u2010006\u20100015\u20106"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"In Vitro Evaluation of Berberis aristata for Cytotoxic Activity","volume":"2","author":"Choudhari R. 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