{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T23:07:59Z","timestamp":1788476879889,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":159,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In recent years, the potential role of dietary interventions in preventing and managing CVDs has gained significant attention. Among these dietary components, walnuts (<jats:italic>Juglans regia<\/jats:italic> L.) have emerged as a promising candidate due to their unique nutrient profile and potential cardiovascular benefits. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature on the role of walnuts in cardiovascular health. Using databases from Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed, the most relevant in\u00a0vitro, in\u00a0vivo, and clinical trial research has been collected from the time of inception until 2024. Several studies have shown that walnut consumption has a positive effect on a variety of cardiovascular risk factors. Walnut bioactive ingredients, including omega\u20103 fatty acids, antioxidants, fiber, and polyphenols, have been demonstrated to improve lipid profiles, blood pressure, endothelial function, inflammation, oxidative stress, and thrombosis. These processes all contribute to the possible cardioprotective properties of walnuts. Epidemiological and clinical research indicates that daily walnut consumption can reduce the risk of CVDs like coronary heart disease and stroke. Walnuts may aid in managing CVDs through mechanisms such as enhancing lipid profiles, reducing inflammation, and improving overall cardiovascular function. This review highlights the potential role of walnuts as a dietary strategy for the prevention and management of CVDs. Further understanding of the mechanisms and long\u2010term effects of walnut consumption is crucial for optimizing their therapeutic potential and integrating them into clinical practice. Future research should focus on elucidating specific dose\u2013response relationships and exploring the synergistic effects of walnuts in combination with other dietary and lifestyle interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T08:23:23Z","timestamp":1735547003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Nutritional Advantages of Walnut (<i>Juglans regia<\/i> L.) for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Rashki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biomedical Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahboobeh","family":"Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biomedical Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5736-9755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Hossein","family":"Boskabady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Applied Biomedical Research Center Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"},{"name":"Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/fns.2019.107057"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7890188"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cimb44070220"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Gallic Acid Effects Against Cardiovascular Diseases: An Update Review","volume":"10","author":"Akbari G.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Avicenna Journal of Phytomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020451"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.572008"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573403X16999201210200342"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/7313517"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Antithrombotic Activity of Flavonoid Fractions of Juglans regia Root Bark Through Inhibiting Platelet Aggregation and Plasmatic Coagulation","volume":"8","author":"Amirou A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arabian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185974"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","first-page":"198","article-title":"Effect of Alpha\u2010Mangostin on Olanzapine\u2010Induced Metabolic Disorders in Rats","volume":"25","author":"Ardakanian A.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/fst.29720"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/openhrt-2018-001004"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","volume-title":"The Canon of Medicine","author":"Avicenna","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.53350\/pjmhs2115123955"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jmss.JMSS_48_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.15827"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-020-00825-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4731826"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.113.302700"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.302721"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02249126"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Walnuts Change Lipoprotein Composition Suppressing TNF\u03b1\u2010Stimulated Cytokine Production by Diabetic Adipocyte","volume":"68","author":"Borkowski K.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Food"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","first-page":"295","article-title":"Effect of Aqueous\u2010Ethanolic Extract From Rosa damascena on Guinea Pig Isolated Heart","volume":"14","author":"Boskabady M. 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