{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:05:59Z","timestamp":1792033559908,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Evaluation of\n                    <jats:italic>Anchusa species<\/jats:italic>\n                    of the family Boraginaceae during previous investigations determined numerous therapeutic potentials against inflammatory\u2010related diseases. The present study evaluates the phytochemical, acute toxicity, and hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extracts of\n                    <jats:italic>Anchusa limbata<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MEAL) against thioacetamide (TAA)\u2010induced liver injury in rats. The phytochemical profiling of MEAL followed a Folin\u2013Ciocalteu and 10% AlCl3 procedure using a spectrophotometer. Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups: Normal (A) and TAA control rats (B) treated orally with daily 10% tween 20; reference rats (C) received daily oral dose of 50\u2009mg\/kg silymarin; (D and E) rats received daily doses of 250 and 500\u2009mg\/kg MEAL, respectively. In addition, group B\u2010E received 3 injections of 200\u2009mg\/kg TAA weekly for 60\u2009days. The phytochemical profiling showed increased polyphenolic (129.2\u2009mg gallic acid equivalent\/g) and flavonoid (105.3 mg quercetin equivalent\/g extract) contents in MEAL. The TAA intraperitoneal injection caused significant hepatic dysfunctionality (lowered total protein, 54.7\u2009g\/L; albumin levels, 7.8\u2009g\/L), hepatotoxicity, and necrotized cell proliferation. TAA hepatotoxicity resulted in an increased expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), TGF\u2010\u03b21 tissue expression, liver enzymatic leakage, and oxidative stress biomarkers, while it reduced pro\u2010apoptotic Bcl\u20102\u2013associated X protein (Bax) proteins and inflammatory mediators (TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106) and increased IL\u201010. Conversely, MEAL treatment ameliorated the TAA\u2010induced hepatotoxicity and restored liver functions. The present hepatoprotectives of MEAL could be attributed to its increased polyphenolic and flavonoid contents, which require further isolation and identification of molecules underlying such therapeutic actions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T21:40:26Z","timestamp":1732225226000},"page":"10628-10645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Phytochemical Profiling, Acute Toxicity, and Hepatoprotective Effects of\n                    <i>Anchusa Limbata<\/i>\n                    in Thioacetamide\u2010Induced Liver Cirrhosis in Rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Khaled","family":"Abdul\u2010Aziz Ahmed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences Al\u2010Ahliyya Amman University  Amman Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9689-4018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed A. J.","family":"Jabbar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Technical Health and Medical College Erbil Polytechnic University  Erbil Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed M. Hussein M.","family":"Raouf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Applied Science Cihan University\u2010Erbil  Erbil Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayman","family":"M. Al\u2010Qaaneh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Allied Health Sciences Al\u2010Balqa Applied University (BAU)  Al\u2010Salt Jordan"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST)  Irbid Jordan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rawaz","family":"Rizgar Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical microbiology, College of Science Knowledge University  Erbil Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musher","family":"Ismael Salih","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Health Koya University  Koya Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramzi A.","family":"Mothana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gadah","family":"Abdulaziz Al\u2010Hamoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmood","family":"Ameen Abdulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science Tishk International University  Erbil Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidgi","family":"Hasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences Liverpool John Moores University  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parween","family":"Abdul\u2010samad Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, College of Education Salahaddin University  Erbil Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201050947\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Estimation of MDA, CRP and Some Hematological Parameters in the Mature Cypriot Thalassemia Patients","volume":"31","author":"Abduljabbar A. 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