{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T01:31:41Z","timestamp":1785893501735,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737504000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Proper nutrition is vital for maintaining good health for all people across their lifespan, especially children and mothers, who are especially vulnerable due to their specific nutrient needs. Despite the necessity of improved nutrition for these groups, some members do not fully meet their recommended daily micronutrient needs, a challenge exacerbated by different socioeconomic, cultural, and communal constraints resulting in malnutrition. Iron deficiency anaemia is a major concern among children and mothers, especially in pastoralist communities, due to poor nutrition and other related factors. Using a community\u2010based cross sectional study, this study investigated factors associated with hemoglobin levels among children and women in Narok County, Kenya. Anthropometrics were estimated using body mass index measurements for mothers, and the nutritional status of children was calculated using <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\u2010score measurements. Haemoglobin was measured using a rapid test (Hemocue 301). Multiple logistic regression models were fitted to assess the association between child and maternal risk factors and anaemia. Anaemia in children was associated with age (OR\u2009=\u20091.99, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047), pastoralism (OR\u2009=\u20092.25, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), educational of the mother (OR\u2009=\u20090.74, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.008), severe and moderate undernourishment (OR\u2009=\u20091.14, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.049 and OR\u2009=\u20091.10, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023), respectively, not meeting children dietary diversity (OR\u2009=\u20091.18, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.027), number of people in a household (OR\u2009=\u20091.84, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003), and maternal age (OR\u2009=\u20090.30, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.010). On the other hand, the occurrence of anaemia in women was associated with pastoralism (OR\u2009=\u20092.22, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001), having a primary school level of education (OR\u2009=\u20090.51, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.028), pregnancy status (OR\u2009=\u20095.36, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002), not meeting maternal dietary diversity (OR\u2009=\u20091.39, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.026), number of household members (OR\u2009=\u20091.93, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023), age of the mother (OR\u2009=\u20090.53, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.018), and having animals infected with East Coast Fever (<jats:italic>Theileria parva<\/jats:italic>) within the household (OR\u2009=\u20091.10, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023). The results highlight the multifaceted nature of malnutrition, specifically anaemia in pastoral households, with interventions aimed at reducing disease infections in cattle, improved household dietary diversity, and community health education geared towards maternal and child nutrition being best placed to improve the overall household health outcomes relating to anaemia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]],"date-time":"2025-01-22T08:39:15Z","timestamp":1737535155000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors Influencing Iron Levels Among Women of Reproductive Age and Children 6\u201348\u2009Months in Livestock\u2010Keeping Communities in Narok County, Kenya"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5686-4663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. 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Allen School for Global Health Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Muema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Animal Health Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Paul G. Allen School for Global Health Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. P.","family":"Omondi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Animal Health Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Animal Health Innovation Lab, Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. M.","family":"Thumbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Animal Health Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis University of Nairobi  Nairobi Kenya"},{"name":"Paul G. Allen School for Global Health Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh  Edinburgh UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Z.","family":"Bukania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Animal Health Washington State University  Pullman Washington USA"},{"name":"Center for Public Health Research Kenya Medical Research Institute  Nairobi Kenya"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"8","article-title":"Global Burden of Maternal and Child Undernutrition and Micronutrient Deficiencies","volume":"61","author":"Ahmed T.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2020.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202814"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1010539513491417"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13570\u2010022\u201000251\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112668"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18063105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Chepkorir V. 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