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According to the International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN), probiotic supplementation can optimize the health, performance, and recovery of athletes at all stages of their careers. Recent research suggests that probiotics can improve immune system functions, reduce gastrointestinal distress, and increase gut permeability in athletes. Additionally, probiotics may provide athletes with secondary health benefits that could positively affect athletic performance through enhanced recovery from fatigue, improved immune function, and maintenance of healthy gastrointestinal tract function. The integration of some probiotic strains into athletes' diets and the consumption of multi\u2010strain compounds may lead to an improvement in performance and can positively affect performance\u2010related aspects such as fatigue, muscle pain, body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness. In summary, probiotics can be beneficial for athletes at all stages of their careers, from amateur to professional. This paper reviews the progress of research on the role of probiotic supplementation in improving energy metabolism and immune system functions, reducing gastrointestinal distress, and enhancing recovery from fatigue in athletes at different levels.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T10:35:28Z","timestamp":1733999728000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Mechanism of Action and Beneficial Effects of Probiotics in Amateur and Professional Athletes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yousef","family":"Nami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Biotechnology, Branch for Northwest and West Region Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)  Tabriz 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