{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:19:37Z","timestamp":1787505577313,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The emergence of antibiotic\u2010resistant microorganisms has made antimicrobial resistance a global issue, and milk is a potential source for the propagation of resistant bacteria causing zoonotic diseases. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) cases, often overlooked and mixed with normal milk in dairy farms, frequently involve\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , which can spread through contaminated milk. We conducted this study to determine the prevalence of virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), antimicrobial susceptibility, and the genetic relatedness of multidrug\u2010resistant (MDR) Shiga toxin\u2010producing\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (STEC) isolated from SCM milk. SCM\u2010positive bovine milk was subjected to\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    detection using cultural, biochemical, and molecular methods. Further, we detected STEC virulence genes including stx1, stx2, and eaeA. STEC isolates were tested for ARGs including blaSHV, CITM, tetA, and aac(3)\u2010IV, and underwent antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Moreover, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of the\n                    <jats:italic>stx1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene of MDR\u2010STEC. SCM was detected in 47.2% of milk samples of which 50.54% were\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    positive. About 17.20% of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    isolates contained STEC virulence genes, and\n                    <jats:italic>stx2<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most prevalent. Moreover, all STEC isolates harbored at least one of the ARGs, while about 43.75% of the isolates carried multiple ARGs. Additionally, all the STEC isolates showed multidrug resistance, and were found to be fully resistant against amoxicillin, followed by ampicillin (87.50%) and gentamycin (75%); and were mostly sensitive to aztreonam (81.25%) and meropenem (68.75%). In phylogeny analysis, the\n                    <jats:italic>stx1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene of isolated MDR\u2010STEC showed close relatedness with disease\u2010causing non\u2010O157 and O157 strains of different sources including cattle, humans, and food.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]],"date-time":"2025-01-15T05:10:17Z","timestamp":1736917817000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Prevalence and Zoonotic Risk of Multidrug\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    in Bovine Subclinical Mastitis Milk: Insights Into the Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tonmoy","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mithu Chandra","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4000-616X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferdaus Mohd Altaf","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy Science, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology &amp; Genetic Engineering Sylhet Agricultural University  Sylhet Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfs.12941"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22092\/ARI.2019.124238.1278"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/jfqhc.6.1.455"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2020.2713\u20102727"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18805\/ajdfr.DR\u2010178"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5398\/tasj.2021.44.1.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22207\/JPAM.10.4.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/BF03548286"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2021.06.099"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244713"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259\u2010022\u201009948\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/45.4_ts.493"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/bih.76.3.111.118"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2024.106142"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1199"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards For Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing","author":"CLSI","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ajcem.v6i1.7394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Mechanization of Dairy Farming in Bangladesh","volume":"18","author":"Das A. 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