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We investigated the bacterial interaction and metabolism post\u2010fermentation and during 21\u2010day storage. Utilizing non\u2010targeted metabolomics and electronic nose technology, we assessed impacts on product quality and flavor. <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic> significantly increased the viability of the other two species, with AI\u20102 levels rising in the mixed culture. Metabonomic analysis revealed distinct metabolic profiles, with <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\u2010fermented milk showing enriched key metabolites. Volatile compounds like ketones, aldehydes, esters, alcohols, and acids were identified, with 2\u2010heptanone and 2\u2010pentanone as initial discriminators and 2\u2010pentanone and acetaldehyde as key flavor compounds after storage. This study advances understanding of symbiotic interactions and metabolite profiles in fermented dairy ecosystems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T03:45:16Z","timestamp":1746589516000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Co\u2010Culture of <scp><i>Lactobacillus bulgaricus<\/i><\/scp> With <scp><i>Streptococcus thermophilus<\/i><\/scp> and <i>Bifidobacterium<\/i> Impact the Metabolism and Flavor of Fermented Milk"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6533-5458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pingping","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and Technology  Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanke","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and Technology  Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingjing","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and Technology  Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and Technology  Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yannan","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Biology Hebei University of Science and Technology  Shijiazhuang Hebei China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lihua","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Junlebao Dairy Co., LTD.  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