{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T10:30:20Z","timestamp":1771669820652,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746835200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:p>Non\u2010alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease globally, and diet plays a crucial role in its progression. While dietary fats impact NAFLD, the specific effect of cheese consumption remains unclear. This study employs a two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to explore the causal relationship between cheese intake and NAFLD, liver fat content, and liver fat proportion. Using summary\u2010level data from large genome\u2010wide association studies, we applied a two\u2010sample MR approach. Genetic variants linked to cheese consumption served as instrumental variables, selected under strict criteria, including genome\u2010wide significance and exclusion of pleiotropy. Robustness was ensured through various MR methods, including Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) and MR\u2010Egger. MR analysis indicated that increased cheese consumption is negatively associated with NAFLD risk (OR\u2009=\u20090.589, 95% CI: 0.387\u20130.896, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014). This inverse relationship also extended to liver fat content (OR\u2009=\u20090.814, 95% CI: 0.689\u20130.960, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015) and liver fat proportion (OR\u2009=\u20090.830, 95% CI: 0.695\u20130.992, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04). No significant link was found between cheese intake and liver volume (OR\u2009=\u20090.976, 95% CI: 0.846\u20131.126, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.737). Cheese intake may have a protective effect against NAFLD, potentially informing dietary management strategies. Further research is needed to confirm these findings across diverse populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T08:25:59Z","timestamp":1746865559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Unraveling the Association Between Cheese Consumption and Non\u2010Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights From a Two\u2010Sample Mendelian Randomization Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Chen","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou City Fujian Province China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Heart Disease of Fujian Province  Fuzhou City Fujian Province China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Metabolic Heart Disease in Fujian Province  Fuzhou City Fujian Province China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Medical Center of Soochow University  Suzhou City Jiangsu Province P. R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7705-8292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuwei","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University  Fuzhou City Fujian Province China"},{"name":"Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Heart Disease of Fujian Province  Fuzhou City Fujian Province China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Metabolic Heart Disease in Fujian Province  Fuzhou City Fujian Province China"},{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Medicine The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University  Changsha Hunan China"},{"name":"Research Institute of Blood Lipid and Atherosclerosis  Changsha Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/23311932.2024.2325206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.113.073015"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn.82.3.523"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v18.i41.5839"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12244"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098\u2010020\u201000570\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13594\u2010016\u20100288\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2011\u20104763"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.962834"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2021.08.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2016\u201012224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13031"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944\u2010020\u201001283\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061730"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3402\/fnr.v59.27651"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.05.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.18236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10020346"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102020\u2010320622"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575\u2010021\u201000448\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000375353"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051442"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2213\u20108587(14)70032\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/hep.0000000000000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2023.04.018"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.70213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,26]],"date-time":"2025-05-26T09:56:47Z","timestamp":1748253407000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.70213"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.70213"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.70213","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-10-14","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-04-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-05-10","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70213"}}