{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:00:50Z","timestamp":1792620050890,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":192,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The intrinsic and extrinsic factors (natural aging, diseases, infections, chemicals, radiation, heavy metals etc.) create oxidative stress, thereby causing reproductive defects in males and females. Similarly, oxidative stress causes the abnormalities in sperm and oocytes, and thus reduces the success of in\u00a0vitro fertilization. Fungi and\/or algae\u2010derived metabolites (polysaccharides, carotenoids, ergothioneine, phycobiliproteins, phlorotannins, and cordycepin) alleviate the damages in ovaries and testis and correct the impaired reproductive functions (spermatogenesis, ovulation, fertilization and implantation) in the in\u00a0vivo models by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase etc.), making mitochondrial parameters better (membrane potential, distribution, dynamics and activity of mitochondria), decreasing oxidative stress (the reductions in intracellular ROS and malondialdehyde levels), inflammation (the reductions in COX\u20102, IL\u20106, IL\u20101\u03b2, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 levels) and apoptosis (the reductions in\n                    <jats:italic>Caspase\u20103<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bax<\/jats:italic>\n                    levels) and balancing blood hormone levels (follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone). Similarly, in the in\u00a0vitro models, they increase antioxidant enzymes activities, decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis, and make mitochondrial functions better, thereby restoring the defects in sperm and oocyte parameters and increasing blastocyst formation. Overall, this review study reveals that the antioxidants from fungi and algae contribute to the improvement of the reproductive outcome of humans and animals and assisted reproductive technology by preventing or alleviating oxidative stress. However, more in\u00a0vitro, in\u00a0vivo, or clinical studies are needed to prove the safety profile and efficacy of fungi\u2010 and algae\u2010based antioxidants. This is the first review study focusing on the protective effects of fungi and algae\u2010based antioxidants against oxidative stress\u2010induced reproductive defects.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T05:55:37Z","timestamp":1747374937000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Algal and Fungal Antioxidants Alleviate Oxidative Stress\u2010Induced Reproductive Defects"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nazli Pinar","family":"Arslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vocational School of Health Services Bingol University  Bingol Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyda","family":"Albayrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysenur","family":"Budak\u2010Savas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Hacimuftuoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"},{"name":"Vaccine Development Application and Research Center Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tugba","family":"Orak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aysenur","family":"Ozdemir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omer","family":"Karadagoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sevval","family":"Yildirim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Handan","family":"Cinar\u2010Yilmaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vocational School of Health Services Bingol University  Bingol Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9350-9628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mesut","family":"Taskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"},{"name":"Vaccine Development Application and Research Center Ataturk University  Erzurum Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_14_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201002120\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1477\u20107827\u20103\u201028"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.12773"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.13088"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2523"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apjr.2016.06.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8335"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deaa300"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_14_10_1","first-page":"411","article-title":"An Update on Ovarian Aging and Ovarian Reserve Tests","volume":"9","author":"Amanvermez R.","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Fertility and Sterility"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11121744"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2020.111425"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2022.111982"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111566"},{"key":"e_1_2_14_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fungi\u2010Derived Natural Antioxidants","volume":"65","author":"Arslan N. 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