{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T12:56:29Z","timestamp":1788612989453,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752796800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease marked by mucosal inflammation, oxidative stress, and increased apoptosis. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of UV\u2010C\u2010inactivated\n                    <jats:italic>Lacticaseibacillus casei<\/jats:italic>\n                    39 (paraprobiotic) in an acetic acid\u2010induced UC rat model. The study evaluated its effects on clinical symptoms, inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, growth factor expression, PI3K\/AKT pathway activation, and apoptotic markers. Paraprobiotic was obtained by UV\u2010C inactivation of 10\n                    <jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2009CFU\/mL\u2009\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. casei<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    39. Female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Control, UC, UC\u2009+\u2009Probiotic, and UC\u2009+\u2009Paraprobiotic (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910\/group for clinical, ELISA, and oxidative stress analyses;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093 pooled\/group for Western blot). UC was induced by rectal acetic acid administration, followed by daily oral treatments for 6\u2009days. Clinical signs (DAI, weight change), plasma\/tissue cytokines (ELISA, Western blot), oxidative stress (colon TOC\/TAC), VEGF\/EGF mRNA (qRT\u2010PCR), and apoptosis\/PI3K\/AKT pathway proteins (Western blot) were assessed. The UC group showed severe colitis, increased TNF\u2010\u03b1 and IL\u20106, decreased IL\u201010, elevated TOC, reduced TAC, altered VEGF\/EGF mRNA, PI3K\/AKT activation, and increased apoptosis (Bax\/Bcl\u20102 ratio, Cytochrome c, Caspase\u20109, Caspase\u20103). Paraprobiotic treatment improved clinical symptoms, reduced pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines, and increased anti\u2010inflammatory cytokines, modulated growth factor expression, reduced oxidative stress, suppressed PI3K\/AKT signaling, and downregulated apoptotic markers. TOC decreased 2.10\u2010fold (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01), TAC increased 5.43\u2010fold (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and Bax\/Bcl\u20102 ratio and Caspase\u20103 expression were significantly reduced (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001 vs. UC; Caspase\u20103 also\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 vs. UC\u2009+\u2009Probiotic).\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>L. casei<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    39 paraprobiotic exhibits potent anti\u2010inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti\u2010apoptotic effects in UC, suggesting its promise as a novel, multi\u2010target therapeutic agent.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,18]],"date-time":"2025-07-18T08:46:12Z","timestamp":1752828372000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Evaluation of\n                    <i>Lacticaseibacillus casei<\/i>\n                    39 Paraprobiotic in Modulating Inflammatory and Oxidative Pathways in Acetic Acid Induced Ulcerative Colitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Adem","family":"Yava\u015f","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Processing Department, Food Quality Control and Analysis Programme, \u00c7ine Vocational School Aydin Adnan Menderes University  Aydin T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6479-7336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ecem","family":"Akan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dairy 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