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In this cross\u2010sectional study, we collected socioeconomic and health data, food consumption information, and anthropometric measurements of lactating women between 30 and 150\u2009days postpartum. Food consumption was evaluated using a 24\u2010h dietary recall adapted to UPF through the Nova classification, and the anthropometric profile was assessed according to postpartum weight retention (kilograms (kg)), current body mass index (BMI) (kg\/m\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), and measurements of body perimeters (centimeters (cm)) and skinfolds (millimeters (mm)). Participants were grouped according to the proportion of dietary energy derived from UPF (tertile 1\u20132 vs. tertile 3). Adjusted linear regression models were employed to analyze associations. The study population consisted of 124 lactating women, most of had low income (102 (82.3%)) and lowest level of education (113 (91.1%)), and the average proportion of dietary energy from ultra\u2010processed foods (UPF) was 25% (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0%\u201376%). We found a positive association between the proportion of dietary energy from UPF and postpartum weight retention (\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20093.75, 95% CI 1.40\u20136.10,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.002). Our findings suggest that a greater proportion of UPF in the diet of lactating women is related to postpartum weight retention, which reinforces the need for actions aimed at reducing UPF consumption during lactation. Our results require confirmation from future, more rigorous studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T07:14:33Z","timestamp":1751008473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association Between Consumption of Ultra\u2010Processed Foods and Adiposity Measures in Lactating Women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Lara Virginia Pessoa","family":"de Lima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00edgia Rejane Siqueira","family":"Garcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences College of Trairi Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Santa Cruz Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Morais","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priscila Gomes","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolie Mattenhauer","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Undergraduate Program Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Fernandes","family":"dos Santos Dametto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle Soares","family":"Bezerra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Sciences College of Trairi Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Santa Cruz Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2251-5967","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karla Danielly","family":"da Silva Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Postgraduate Program in Nutrition Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte  Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010023\u201006116\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521001963"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11606\/s1518\u20108787.2023057004659"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889\u2010023\u201015207\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182a7f63e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1137894"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17041221"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/dc22\u20101993"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182161732"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S136898002300054X"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"Manual Fotogr\u00e1fico de Quantifca\u00e7\u00e3o Alimentar","author":"Crispim S. 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