{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T16:01:10Z","timestamp":1785254470458,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012286","name":"Deputy for Research and Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["4020784"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["4020784"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Royal jelly (RJ) has been shown in animal models to alleviate muscle fatigue and damage during exercise. This trial was designed to assess the effect of RJ on exercise performance, oxidative stress, and nuclear factor erythroid 2\u2010related factor 2 (\n                    <jats:italic>Nrf2<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor gamma coactivator 1\u2010alpha (\n                    <jats:italic>PGC\u20101\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) expression in endurance\u2010trained male athletes. In this randomized, crossover trial, 18 eligible participants were randomly assigned to receive RJ (1000\u2009mg\/day) in one period and placebo in another period for 2\u2009weeks, with a 2\u2010week washout. The exhaustive endurance\u2010running test was conducted to assess time to exhaustion (TTE), perceived exertion, arousal levels, and affective response. Blood samples were collected to assess gene expression, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS). The carryover and sequence effects were not significant for all outcomes (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010value\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The mean changes from baseline were statistically significant for TTE (7.32; 95% CI: 4.61\u201310.02;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010value: 0.001), post\u2010exercise TOS (\u221218.56; 95% CI: \u221231.61 to \u22125.51;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010value: 0.008), and PGC\u20101\u03b1 expression (2.23; 95% CI: 0.49\u20133.98;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010value: 0.015) with RJ, and TTE (2.69; 95% CI: 0.80\u20134.59;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010value: 0.008) with placebo. The treatment differences in TTE and PGC\u20101\u03b1 expression relative to placebo were 4.63\u2009min (95% CI: 1.78\u20137.48;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010value: 0.002) and 2.12 (95% CI: 0.16\u20134.09;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010value: 0.035), respectively. No significant effects were observed in\n                    <jats:italic>Nrf2<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression, perceived exertion, arousal levels, affective response, heart rate, and other oxidative stress markers. RJ supplementation improved endurance capacity and\n                    <jats:italic>PGC\u20101\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression but had no significant effect on oxidative stress and\n                    <jats:italic>Nrf2<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression in endurance\u2010trained athletes, suggesting selective ergogenic effects. Further studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy across different athlete populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T06:55:54Z","timestamp":1752735354000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Royal Jelly Supplementation Improves Endurance and Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Athletes: A Crossover Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8682-5721","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yahya","family":"Pasdar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vahid","family":"Tadibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences Razi University  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8209-2217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ehsan","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farid","family":"Najafi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Environmental Determinacies of Health (RCEDH), School of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammadreza","family":"Abbaspour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9886-0054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir","family":"Saber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Ghorbani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shima","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exercise Metabolism and Performance Lab (EMPL), Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences Razi University  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1051-6911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mahsa","family":"Miryan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Sciences School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences  Kermanshah Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9100937"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2012.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phanu.2023.100351"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctim.2023.102974"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46810\/tdfd.1205005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0294529"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279\u2010024\u201002072\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00039.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16030393"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155236"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.15191"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2021.104514"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201027460\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17228452"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705070104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2020.1833916"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2017.0082"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.47.394"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/resources13040055"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","first-page":"629","article-title":"Effects 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M. M.Vural M.\u00d6zdal andZ.Pancar.2020.Effect of Royal Jelly Supplementation on Aerobic Power Output and Anaerobic Power Output."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7342"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","volume-title":"Understanding Nutrition","author":"Whitney E. 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