{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T00:51:00Z","timestamp":1792803060530,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":8,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Apple pomace (AP) is a byproduct of juice processing, rich in nutritionally important compounds like carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and minerals. It is a potential feedstock for sugar\u2010based biorefineries. This study explored AP physicochemical and bioactive compounds and their hydrolysis to extract fermentable sugar. Results showed that AP had a below\u2010neutral pH, moisture, acidity, and ash. The AP contained crude fiber (27.22%), total sugar (36.75%), and reduced sugar (12.22%). The extracts contained minerals like potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, iron, boron, and zinc. A GC\u2013MS study analyzed the phytochemicals present in AP extracts, revealing prominent antibacterial activity. The optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were found to be 1\u2009mg\/g substrate of cellulase and pectinase at 50\u00b0C and pH\u20095.0 at 24\u2009h of incubation. Enzymatically hydrolyzed AP showed a high yield of reducing sugar (38.33%) compared to non\u2010hydrolyzed AP (12.22%). The study suggests that AP, currently discarded as industrial bio\u2010waste, is still a source of phytochemicals with significant antioxidant and antibacterial activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T13:04:47Z","timestamp":1752066287000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Phytochemical Profiling and Anti\u2010Bacterial Activity of Red Delicious Apple Pomace With Integrated Hydrolysis to Obtain Fermentable Sugars: A Biorefinery Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Nisha","family":"Devi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering and Food Technology Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences  Solan Himachal Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Cruz\u2010Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine University of Minho  Braga Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8332-7927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tabarak","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Health Jimma University  Jimma Ethiopia"},{"name":"Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University  Punjab India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinod","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water, Energy and Environment Cranfield University  Cranfield UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Torequl","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University  Gopalganj Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachna","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences  Solan Himachal Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gurvendra Pal","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering and Food Technology Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences  Solan Himachal Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Bioengineering and Food Technology Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences  Solan Himachal Pradesh India"},{"name":"Centre of Advanced Innovation Technologies VSB\u2010Technical University of Ostrava  Ostrava Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102141.2004.05332.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.supflu.2007.04.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12980\/APJTB.4.201414B295"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3554"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.suppl_1.5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4462"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.110972"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02977371"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13040\/IJPSR.0975\u20108232.9(5).2005\u201010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.05.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07388550802368895"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25020320"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Standardization of Eco\u2010Friendly Technique for Extraction of Pectin From Apple Pomace","volume":"7","author":"Chandel V.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources (IJNPR)[formerly Natural Product Radiance (NPR)]"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","first-page":"282","article-title":"Quantitative Estimation of Total Phenolic, Flavonoids, Tannin and Chlorophyll Content of Leaves of Strobilanthes kunthiana (Neelakurinji)","volume":"4","author":"CI K. C.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Medicinal Plants"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2022.108358"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27061987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bbb.2468"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.716407"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4191"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11071221"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253\u2010017\u20108522\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fuel.2019.01.177"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.focha.2023.100598"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf950208h"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","first-page":"259","article-title":"Pomace in Fruit Industry and Their Contemporary Potential Application","volume":"48","author":"Kruczek M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"World Scientific News"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020324"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00449\u2010020\u201002401\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4188"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.131427"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr8030319"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750\u20103841.2011.02406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462\u20105822.2007.01105.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9040282"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2007.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2017.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","first-page":"570","article-title":"GC\u2010MS Analysis of Phytocomponents in the Methanolic Extract of Justica wynaadensis (Nees) T.Anders","volume":"3","author":"Ponnamma S. U.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Pharma and Bio Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1472\u20106882\u201013\u201025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161\u2010013\u20109765\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12980\/APJTB.4.2014C1030"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5529786"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"114","article-title":"Hydrothermal and Enzymatic Pretreatment of Apple Pomace for Bioethanol Production by Solid\u2010State Fermentation","volume":"10","author":"Surya K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biological Forum\u2010An International Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ma15103532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.910"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Formulation of Noodles Using Apple Pomace and Evaluation of Its Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activity","volume":"4","author":"Yadav S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2012.12.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su16167001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13065\u2010016\u20100195\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4028\/www.scientific.net\/AMR.213.475"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12010035"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.70543","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.70543","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.70543","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:31:01Z","timestamp":1785252661000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.70543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.70543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.70543","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-08-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-19","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-09","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70543"}}