{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T09:58:18Z","timestamp":1787911098477,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]],"date-time":"2025-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751241600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019429","name":"University of Mosul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019429","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Cichorium intybus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , a plant with a long history of medicinal use, was extracted using three solvents: hexane, ethanol, and ethyl acetate. The resulting extracts were subjected to chromatographic analysis, yielding five distinct fractions. Fractions I and II were obtained from the ethyl acetate extract, whereas Fractions III, IV, and V were derived from the ethanol extract. This study evaluated the antibacterial activity of these fractions against five virulent Gram\u2010negative bacteria associated with periodontitis:\n \n Neisseria perflava<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n \n Eikenella corrodens<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ,\n Neisseria pharyngis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n \n Morococcus cerebrosus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , and\n \n Neisseria mucosa<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n . The results demonstrated that Fraction I exhibited significant antibacterial activity, with an inhibition zone of 26\u2009mm against\n N.\u2009pharyngis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n \n N.\u2009mucosa<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n at a concentration of 200\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. Fraction II showed notable inhibition against\n \n E. corrodens<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and\n N. pharyngis<\/jats:italic>\n . Fraction III achieved a maximum inhibition zone of 35\u2009mm against\n N. pharyngis<\/jats:italic>\n at 100\u2009\u03bcg\/mL and\n \n M. cerebrosus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n at 200\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. Similarly, Fraction IV exhibited potent antibacterial activity, with a peak inhibition zone of 35\u2009mm at 100\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. Fraction V also produced an inhibition zone of 35\u2009mm against\n N. pharyngis<\/jats:italic>\n at 100\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. Compared with standard antibiotics, such as ampicillin and cephalosporin, the fractions demonstrated comparable efficacy. In addition to antibacterial activity, the study investigated the antioxidant and free radical scavenging capacities of the isolated fractions at various concentrations (ppm), using vitamin C as a reference. Fractions I and II showed the highest antioxidant activity at 30\u2009ppm, with values reaching 22.36. Fraction V exhibited the most potent activity, with antioxidant values of 35.65 at 30\u2009ppm, 56.22 at 60\u2009ppm, 76.44 at 120\u2009ppm, and continued enhancement at 250\u2009ppm. These findings highlight the promising bioactive potential of\n \n C. intybus<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n extracts and provide a solid foundation for further investigation into their therapeutic applications in managing bacterial infections and oxidative stress. The detailed results emphasize the importance of continued research into the mechanisms and complexities of these bioactive compounds.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70550","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:30:07Z","timestamp":1751329807000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Chicory (\n Cichorium intybus<\/i>\n ) Leaves Extract: Phenolic Composition, Antibacterial Activity, and Antioxidant Capacity Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Siba Mouid","family":"Al\u2010haliem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dental Basic Sciences College of Dentistry, University of Mosul Mosul Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muthanna Jasim","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, College of Education for Pure Sciences University of Mosul Mosul Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7012-6667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarek Gamal","family":"Abedelmaksoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2799-6982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Hesarinejad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Sensory and Cognitive Science Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST) Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed Adel","family":"Baioumy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Science Department, Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University Giza Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/applbiosci2010008"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"341","article-title":"The Effect of Cold Plasma on the Enzymatic Activity and Quality Characteristics of Mango Pulp","volume":"10","author":"Abedelmaksoud T. G.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Research and Innovation in Food Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31219\/osf.io\/f3z6a"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33899\/rjs.2020.166307"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.rcm.2020.02.334"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"The Medical Importance of Cichorium intybus\u2014A Review","volume":"6","author":"Al\u2010Snafi A. E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"62","article-title":"Medicinal Plants With Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Effects (Part 2): Plant\u2010Based Review","volume":"6","author":"Al\u2010Snafi A. E.","year":"2016","journal-title":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.3554"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/11263504.2022.2044080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab122"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","volume-title":"Cowan and Steel's Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria","author":"Barrow G. I.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.03.046"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33448\/rsd\u2010v11i2.25384"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-64872-5_26"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pr11061711"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2020.107633"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2014.09.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","first-page":"6","article-title":"Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: Current Overview","volume":"1","author":"Dhande S. R.","year":"2022","journal-title":"History"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26175377"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","unstructured":"Ghadban S. B.2022. \u201cPhytochemical Investigation and Evaluation of the Cytotoxic Activity ofCarica papayaL. \u2018Caricaceae\u2019 Cultivated in Iraq.\u201dDoctoral Dissertation."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10826076.2017.1295181"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1539263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/mjab.2021.187225"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-4890-1_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1750\u20103841.12054"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-816911-7.00011-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","volume-title":"Medicinal Plants of North America: A Field Guide","author":"Meuninck J.","year":"2024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1125106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.04.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9091304"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey D. S. D.Samantaray andS. P.Singh.2021.\u201cContemporary Insights on Antibacterial and Pharmacological Importance ofCichorium intybus: A Compendious Review.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.26717\/BJSTR.2021.35.005662.","DOI":"10.26717\/BJSTR.2021.35.005662"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127676"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","first-page":"125","volume-title":"Plant Stress Physiology\u2010Perspectives in Agriculture","author":"Pratyusha S.","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-16-4959-2_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27010233"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/ejchem.2021.4689.1255"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13080895"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21323\/2618\u20109771\u20102025\u20108\u20101\u201073\u201080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5530\/pj.2020.12.79"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.91167"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molstruc.2017.11.044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1678\u20104324\u20102019180370"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singh S.2021.\u201cEvaluation of Efficacy ofChicorium intybusExtract on Periodontal Pathogens: An In\u2010Vitro.\u201dhttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules26061814.","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26061814"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28041845"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25225243"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","volume-title":"Wild Edibles of the West Coast: 2\u2010in\u20101 Guide to Foraging Wild Edible Plants in California and the Pacific Northwest","author":"Warner S.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27144329"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.13394"}],"container-title":["Food Science & Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.70550","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.70550","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.70550","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:32:04Z","timestamp":1785252724000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.70550"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.70550"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.70550","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-01-25","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-22","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70550"}}