{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T00:34:57Z","timestamp":1776818097214,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755043200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":12,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003970","name":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003970","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    We hypothesized that bread fortified with pomegranate peel powder (PPP) would improve inflammation, oxidative stress, and mood in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To confirm this, its effect on the parameters above was evaluated. In total, 90 T2DM patients were randomized to receive either bread fortified with 3.5% PPP (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200945) or PPP\u2010free bread for 12\u2009weeks (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200945). Dietary intake throughout the trial was assessed via food records. Laboratory parameters, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), high\u2010sensitivity C\u2010reactive protein (hs\u2010CRP), and psychological disorders, including depression, anxiety, and stress, were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. 77 diabetic patients completed the trial (PPP group\u2009=\u200939 and control group\u2009=\u200938). Based on the compliance assessment, adherence to the interventions was high in the trial. We detected significant reductions in hs\u2010CRP levels (intervention group: change\u2009=\u2009\u22120.56\u2009\u00b1\u20091.29,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01; control group: change\u2009=\u2009\u22120.81\u2009\u00b1\u20091.16,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and depression scores (intervention group: change\u2009=\u2009\u22121.33\u2009\u00b1\u20093.66,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.04; control group: change\u2009=\u2009\u22121.44\u2009\u00b1\u20092.83,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01). There was no significant difference between the groups. After adjusting for confounding factors, the important effect within the group disappeared. Other variables, including MDA, TAC, anxiety, and stress, did not significantly change in the two study groups. Whereas 12\u2009weeks of consumption of PPP\u2010fortified bread failed to significantly affect oxidative stress, hs\u2010CRP levels, or mental state in T2DM patients, partial beneficial effects on inflammation and mood suggest the need for further research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T12:02:51Z","timestamp":1755086571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of Bread Fortification With Pomegranate Peel Powder on Inflammation Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress, and Mood Status in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Placebo\u2010Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1251-5100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Zare","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Javad","family":"Tarrahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mozhgan","family":"Karimifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Isfahan Endocrine and Metabolism Research Center Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sayed Amir Hossein","family":"Goli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0074-4080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reza","family":"Amani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science Isfahan University of Medical Sciences  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1329.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4162\/nrp.2023.17.4.698"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12185952"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17305\/bb.2024.10426"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","article-title":"Diabetes Mellitus Type 2; an International Challenge","volume":"1","author":"Amiri M.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of Research on Dialysis"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115158"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arres.2024.100106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2013.03.003"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"134","article-title":"The Effects of Pomegranate Peel Supplementation on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Symptoms of Patients With Non\u2010Alcoholic Fatty Liver: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"11","author":"Barghchi H.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition, Fasting and Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37349\/eemd.2025.101421"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-200503000-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcd.2021.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2018.24.9-a.s5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2013.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31083\/j.jin2205113"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Carbohydrate Metabolism and Diabetes Mellitus","author":"Evans J. 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