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Vitamin A deficiency not only affects children's vision and growth, but also increases their susceptibility to infectious diseases, such as respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Deficiency in vitamin A not only disrupts growth and development in children but also increases susceptibility to infectious diseases, such as respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. From an immunological standpoint, vitamin A is essential for the proper development and function of the immune system, with its deficiency impairing immune responses. Emerging evidence also suggests a role for vitamin A in the pathogenesis of systemic diseases, including metabolic and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, monitoring and managing vitamin A levels are of great significance in disease prevention and treatment. 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