{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:43:31Z","timestamp":1786977811938,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]],"date-time":"2025-07-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752624000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Lead is an environmental pollutant recognized for its toxicity to the reproductive system. This study investigated the effects of gallic acid (GA), a polyphenolic compound found in plants, on the ovaries of mice exposed to lead (Pb) in the form of lead acetate. Forty\n                    <jats:italic>Balb<\/jats:italic>\n                    \/\n                    <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>\n                    mice were divided into five groups: control (no treatment), sham (normal saline), GA (75\u2009mg\/kg), Pb (30\u2009mg\/kg), and GA (75\u2009mg\/kg)\u2009+\u2009Pb (30\u2009mg\/kg). Daily treatments were administered for 35\u2009days via oral gavage, after which the ovaries were examined. The mRNA expression of antioxidant, inflammatory, and apoptotic genes as well as two microRNAs (miRs) involved in folliculogenesis, was measured using real\u2010time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT\u2010PCR). The results of RT\u2010PCR indicated that Pb increased the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>miR\u2010132, Il\u20101\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Interleukin\u20101 beta),\n                    <jats:italic>Tnf<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2010\n                    <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Tumor necrosis factor alpha),\n                    <jats:italic>P53<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Tumor protein 53),\n                    <jats:italic>Caspase\u20103<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05), and\n                    <jats:italic>Nf\u2010\u03baB<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Nuclear factor kappa\u2010light\u2010chain\u2010enhancer of activated B cells) compared to the control group significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.01). Pb remarkably reduced the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Vegf<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Vascular endothelial growth factor) compared to the sham group (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). GA elevated the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>miR\u2010125b<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Gpx<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Glutathione peroxidase), and\n                    <jats:italic>Gr<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Glutathione reductase) compared to the control group, while also increasing the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Bcl\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n                    (B\u2010cell lymphoma 2 apoptosis regulator) compared to the sham group, all of them statistically significant (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). In the (GA\u2009+\u2009Pb) group, GA increased the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>miR\u2010125b, Bcl\u20102,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Vegf,<\/jats:italic>\n                    while it decreased the expression of\n                    <jats:italic>Caspase\u20103<\/jats:italic>\n                    compared to the Pb group significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2264\u20090.05). In summary, exposure to lead acetate (Pb) demonstrates detrimental effects on ovarian function by reducing antioxidant capacity and inducing inflammation and apoptosis. In contrast, gallic acid (GA) plays a protective role and mitigates the harmful effects of lead on the ovaries.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70638","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T05:29:10Z","timestamp":1752730150000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Protective Effects of Gallic Acid Against Lead Acetate\u2010 Induced Toxicity\u00a0in Mice Ovary: Focus on Apoptosis, Inflammation, and Folliculogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Zahedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasoul","family":"Kowsar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology  Isfahan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2276-2674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zahra","family":"Khodabandeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cells Technology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Infertility Research Centre Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahintaj","family":"Dara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cells Technology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanaz","family":"Alaee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stem Cells Technology Research Center Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Infertility Research Centre Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Shiraz University of Medical Sciences  Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University  Aktobe Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0215981"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1307394"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441\u2010020\u201003177\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2024.1301925"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35124\/bca.2019.19.2.3751"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/and.14571"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"72","article-title":"Air Pollution and Infertility\u2013a Letter to Editor","volume":"6","author":"Alaee S.","year":"2018","journal-title":"J of Environ Treat Tech"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","first-page":"451","article-title":"Capacity of Mentha Spicata (Spearmint) Extracts in Alleviating Hormonal and Folliculogenesis Disturbances in a Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Rat Model","volume":"3","author":"Alaee S.","year":"2020","journal-title":"World's Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4076"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580\u2010018\u20102729\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e28357"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13060485"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ataabadi M. 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