{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:32:23Z","timestamp":1792067543667,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]],"date-time":"2025-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":20,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Edible flowers are widely consumed for their potential health benefits. This study assessed the active components and in\u00a0vitro antioxidant properties of 50 edible flowers from Yunnan to explore their potential uses. A 70% ethanol extract was prepared, and the total polyphenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total anthocyanin content (TAC) were analyzed. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2\u2032\u2010azino\u2010bis(3\u2010ethylbenzothiazoline\u20106\u2010sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) assays. Additionally, tyrosinase inhibition and antimicrobial activities were determined, and the correlation between active components and antioxidant capacity was investigated. The results showed that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Prunus mume<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    had high polyphenol content,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Osmanthus fragrans<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Lour. had high flavonoid content, and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Rosa rugosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Thunb. (Dianhong) had high anthocyanin content.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Rosa rugosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    Thunb. (Mohong) exhibited the strongest DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities.\n                    <jats:italic>Clerodendranthus spicatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu demonstrated the highest FRAP activity, whereas\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Punica granatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    L. showed the highest tyrosinase inhibition activity.\n                    <jats:italic>Nymphaea coerulea<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibited significant antimicrobial effects against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Extracts from\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Hibiscus rosa\u2010sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Platycodon grandiflorus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (Jacq.) A. DC. demonstrated excellent antimicrobial effects against\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    . Correlation analysis indicated a positive relationship between TPC and antioxidant activities, suggesting that polyphenols are closely linked to antioxidant capacity. This study highlights the potential of these edible flowers as antimicrobial agents and natural antioxidants. Analysis using the membership function identified\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>N. coerulea<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>R. rugosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>P. granatum<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Lagerstroemia indica<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    L. as having the highest comprehensive scores, indicating their superior quality as sources of bioactive compounds.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,22]],"date-time":"2025-07-22T04:29:16Z","timestamp":1753158556000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comprehensive Analysis of 50 Edible Flowers From Yunnan Province: Active Components, Antioxidant Capacity, Tyrosinase Inhibition, and Antimicrobial Activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Yanxia","family":"Tao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingkai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuangyu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chinese Materia Medica Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouzheng","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science and Technology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science and Technology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8262-5335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xuhong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Science and Technology, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine  Kunming China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03036758.2022.2034654"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168\u20101605(02)00169\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2025.100707"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2024.116487"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants13121671"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2015.12.052"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2015.05.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/FMH.2024.9420018"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","first-page":"26","article-title":"Determination of Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activities in Edible Flowers","volume":"7","author":"Dhiman M. 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