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In this study,\n                    <jats:italic>T.\u2009grandis<\/jats:italic>\n                    seed polyphenols (TGSP) were prepared using ultrasound\u2010assisted extraction (70% ethanol, solid\u2010to\u2010liquid ratio of 1:40\u2009g\/mL, 210\u2009W power, 55\u00b0C, 50\u2009min) coupled with AB\u20108 macroporous resin purification. The resulting TGSP were characterized by ultraviolet\u2013visible (UV\u2013Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier\u2010transform infrared (FT\u2010IR) spectroscopy, and liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS). Subsequently, their biological activities were systematically evaluated through in\u00a0vitro chemical assays and in a cellular model. Structural analysis indicated that TGSP are abundant in gallic acid and catechins. TGSP exhibited selective scavenging activities against different free radicals, with half\u2010maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) for 2,2\u2032\u2010azino\u2010bis(3\u2010ethylbenzothiazoline\u20106\u2010sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS\u00b7+), 1,1\u2010diphenyl\u20102\u2010picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH\u00b7), and hydroxyl radical (\u00b7OH) being 0.194\u2009\u00b1\u20090.015, 0.301\u2009\u00b1\u20090.020, and 1.013\u2009\u00b1\u20090.018\u2009mg\/mL, respectively. For comparison, the IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    values of vitamin C (VC) for ABTS\u00b7+\u2009and DPPH\u00b7 radicals were well below 0.1\u2009mg\/mL, and its IC\n                    <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                    for \u00b7OH radicals was 0.108\u2009\u00b1\u20090.011\u2009mg\/mL. At the cellular level, TGSP effectively inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha (TNF\u2010\u03b1), and interleukin\u20106 (IL\u20106) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010induced RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, TGSP significantly counteracted hydrogen peroxide (H\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    )\u2010induced oxidative stress by reducing levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), restoring the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), and suppressing caspase\u20103\/9\u2010mediated apoptosis. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>T.\u2009grandis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    seed polyphenols exert significant cytoprotective effects through a multi\u2010target mechanism, including direct free radical scavenging, inhibition of inflammation, and attenuation of oxidative stress\u2010induced damage. This suggests their potential for development as functional food ingredients or natural pharmaceutical components.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70682","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,29]],"date-time":"2025-07-29T12:00:27Z","timestamp":1753790427000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["<i>Torreya grandis<\/i>\n                    Seed Polyphenols Protect RAW264.7 Macrophages by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5042-4868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ran","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science Zhuhai College of Science and Technology  Zhuhai China"},{"name":"College of Life Science Jilin University  Changchun 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