{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:25:28Z","timestamp":1792059928987,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755648000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Silver and gold nanoparticles were synthesized by reducing silver and gold ions using previously unexplored stevia extracts prepared with water, methanol, and ethanol as solvents. These extracts served as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The nanoparticles were characterized using ultraviolet\u2013visible (UV\u2013Vis) spectroscopy, which confirmed surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 400\u2013450\u2009nm for AgNPs and 500\u2013550\u2009nm for AuNPs, with an additional peak at 650\u2013700\u2009nm. Zeta potential analysis revealed polydispersity index (PdI) values of 0.269, 0.328, and 0.184 for AgNPs, and 0.428, 0.366, and 0.408 for AuNPs in water, ethanol, and methanol extracts, respectively. The Z\u2010average particle sizes were 68.66, 163.9, and 146.4\u2009nm for AgNPs, and 207.2, 96.27, and 160.6\u2009nm for AuNPs. TEM images confirmed that the nanoparticles were spherical and well\u2010dispersed. FTIR analysis indicated that functional groups such as hydroxyl and carbonyl from the stevia extracts were involved in the reduction and stabilization of nanoparticles. This study highlights the potential of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Stevia rebaudiana<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    extracts as efficient, eco\u2010friendly agents for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional chemical and physical methods with potential applications in antimicrobial and biomedical fields.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,20]],"date-time":"2025-08-20T21:42:33Z","timestamp":1755726153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Green and Sustainable Synthesis of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles: A Stevia Leaf Extract Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1527-0794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Farhan","family":"Jahangir Chughtai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Health Science and Technology Khwaja Fareed University Engineering and Information Technology  Rahim Yar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samreen","family":"Ahsan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Health Science and Technology Khwaja Fareed University Engineering and Information Technology  Rahim Yar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adnan","family":"Khaliq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Health Science and Technology Khwaja Fareed University Engineering and Information Technology  Rahim Yar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Adil","family":"Farooq","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Health Science and Technology Khwaja Fareed University Engineering and Information Technology  Rahim Yar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mir Muhammad Nasir","family":"Qayyum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture and Food Technology Karakoram International University Gilgit Baltistan  Gilgit Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atif","family":"Liaqat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Health Science and Technology Khwaja Fareed University Engineering and Information Technology  Rahim Yar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saira","family":"Tanweer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur  Bahawalpur Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tariq","family":"Mehmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Health Science and Technology Khwaja Fareed University Engineering and Information Technology  Rahim Yar Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Zubair","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waseem","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Institute of Food Science and Technology The University of Lahore  Lahore Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yassine","family":"Jaouhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale  Novara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6587-9843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Bordiga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Universit\u00e0 del Piemonte Orientale  Novara Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suleiman A.","family":"Althawab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science &amp; 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