{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:09:10Z","timestamp":1790172550416,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757548800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":10,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Observational studies propose associations between sleep disorders, dietary factors, metabolic factors, physical activity, and multiple sclerosis (MS). However, the causal nature of these relationships remains unclear. This study aims to determine whether these factors causally influence MS risk through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. We utilized two\u2010sample MR to investigate the causal relationships between 29 distinct traits related to sleep disorders, dietary factors, metabolic factors, physical activity, and their impact on MS. The inverse\u2010variance weighted (IVW) method served as the primary analytical tool to estimate causality. Univariate Mendelian randomization analyses (UVMR) demonstrated that higher genetically predicted chronotype (OR\u2009=\u20090.571;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.044), pork intake (OR\u2009=\u20096.764;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005), fish\/liver oil dietary supplements (OR\u2009=\u20090.119,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.002), body mass index (BMI, OR\u2009=\u20091.347;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.004), type 2 diabetes (T2DM, OR\u2009=\u20091.122;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.032), hip circumference (OR\u2009=\u20091.267;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.023), short sleep duration (OR\u2009=\u20090.170;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.013), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA, OR\u2009=\u20090.282;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) were significantly associated with the risk of MS. In the multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analyses, the significant causal associations between pork intake, BMI, T2DM, and MVPA with MS were robust even after adjusting for potential confounding variables. However, after adjusting for these confounders, the initially observed causal links between the remaining four exposure factors and MS were no longer statistically significant. This study suggests that certain factors may have a causal relationship with MS risk. Specifically, increased participation in moderate to vigorous physical activity may reduce the risk of MS, whereas higher BMI, greater pork intake, and a history of T2DM may increase the risk of MS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T11:59:54Z","timestamp":1757591994000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Associations Between Dietary Factors, Metabolic Factors, Sleep Disorders, Physical Activity, and the Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: A Univariable and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Taiyuan City Central Hospital, the Ninth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan Shanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minghui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Taiyuan City Central Hospital, the Ninth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan Shanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Taiyuan City Central Hospital, the Ninth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan Shanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gerontology The First People's Hospital of Jinzhong, Yuci  Shanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Taiyuan City Central Hospital, the Ninth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan Shanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-6404-2997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haixia","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sleep Center First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University  Taiyuan Shanxi Province China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2022-330123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a028944"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2020.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530320666200505123443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"241","article-title":"Interleukin\u201010 Promoter and the CCR5 Polymorphisms in Iranian Azari Population With Multiple Sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Asgharzadeh M.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Immunology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/0118715303247891231023070031"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00194"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519872664"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abj8222"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz089"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv080"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300708"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0000000000000559"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-015-0011-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0248-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2019.03.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2024.105519"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.09.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458516650512"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530322666220215110041"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddu328"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13819"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1028415X.2022.2034241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.6522"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2014.00576"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458521995484"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.je.2016.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000662"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsae156"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44197-025-00353-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.2016-0335"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165779"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04432-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3034"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.872126"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-05496-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2022.104462"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3000973"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093179"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-15-1792-1_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006644"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1410745"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/13524585231208310"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110386"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.12.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2016.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-025-04961-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530320666200910113954"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rehab.2021.101578"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1759091414568185"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a040501"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-052920-040318"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41525-019-0097-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.49314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.15980"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.22620"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458519853473"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-819410-2.00024-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-015-3746-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00526"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.834644"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-022-11072-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-018-0099-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458517694088"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","article-title":"Investigating Causal Associations Between Pork Intake and Multiple Sclerosis Using Mendelian Randomization: Insights From Large\u2010Scale GWAS Data in European Populations","author":"Ye Z.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nutrition and Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-020-10119-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2216314"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.11.104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1260663"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.70905","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.70905","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.70905","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:46:22Z","timestamp":1790171182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.70905"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.70905"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.70905","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-08-14","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70905"}}