{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T14:08:24Z","timestamp":1790172504041,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The immune system functions to eliminate pathogens, such as viruses, and regulate physiological responses and pathways. General immunity is affected by various factors, including fatigue, stress, and aging. A weakened immune system reduces the ability of the body to eliminate pathogens, thereby increasing the risk of infections, including the common cold.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Euglena gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    is a microalga rich in various nutrients, including \u03b2\u20101,3\u2010glucan paramylon, which aids in maintaining and regulating immune function. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    administration on cold symptoms in healthy individuals.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Euglena gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was administered orally in capsule form (once daily, in the morning) continuously for 8\u2009weeks to healthy adult Japanese men and women. Evaluation of the effects of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    administration on alleviating cold symptoms revealed significantly fewer cumulative days with cold\u2010like symptoms over 8\u2009weeks in the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    group than those in the placebo group. Participants in the\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    group also demonstrated significantly fewer severe cold\u2010like symptoms, such as nasal congestion, sore throat, fatigue, and myalgia, than the placebo group in the second half of the trial (weeks 5\u20138). In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the continuous intake of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. gracilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    could suppress cold\u2010like symptoms. Moreover, the consumption of the test food under the conditions used in this study was deemed safe.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]],"date-time":"2025-09-18T13:53:38Z","timestamp":1758203618000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<scp>\n                      <i>Euglena gracilis<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Suppresses Cold Symptoms in Healthy Individuals: A Double\u2010Blind, Randomized, Placebo\u2010Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7474-406X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayaka","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Euglena Co. Ltd.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kengo","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Euglena Co. Ltd.  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nerima Medical Association Minami\u2010Machi Clinic  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsuyoshi","family":"Takara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Corporation Seishinkai Takara Clinic  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00043764\u2010200209000\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11061017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35092620"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s10020\u2010019\u20100083\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756\u20108722\u20102\u201025"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444876"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.864565"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(05)70270\u2010X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7643-9912-2_2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11122926"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11051144"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00684"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2023.105804"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s1359\u20106101(98)00017\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19390211.2018.1495676"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13113911"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010020\u201080306\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.09.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.64.8"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12113243"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12882"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659\u2010016\u20100087\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2011.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2023.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.11.043"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-16996-1_6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c6fo00606j"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.09\u20100526"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.71.885"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978\u20103\u2010319\u201054910\u20101_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a016295"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","first-page":"2847","article-title":"Treatment of 741 Italian Patients With Chronic Fatigue Syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Tirelli U.","year":"2013","journal-title":"European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.80503"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882\u2010012\u20100306\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082293"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; 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