{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T04:09:56Z","timestamp":1790741396110,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]],"date-time":"2025-09-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757808000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The objective of the current research was to examine the AFM1 contents in 150 milk and dairy product samples (including raw milk, UHT milk, yogurt, ice cream, and pasteurized milk) marketed in Birjand, Iran. The samples were analyzed utilizing high\u2010performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC\u2010FLD). The total mean of AFM1 in the raw milk, UHT milk, pasteurized milk, yogurt, and ice cream was 50.22\u2009\u00b1\u200912.39\u2009ng\/L, 12.17\u2009\u00b1\u20095.52\u2009ng\/L, 35.49\u2009\u00b1\u200911.07\u2009ng\/L, 13.03\u2009\u00b1\u20094.06\u2009ng\/kg, and 116.79\u2009\u00b1\u200940.35\u2009ng\/kg, respectively. The AFM1 contents of all samples were within the US FDA standard limits (500\u2009ng\/kg). The amounts of AFM1 in 16 samples of ice cream exceeded the limits set by the Iran National Standard Organization (INSO, 100\u2009ng\/kg). The contents of AFM1 in 41 samples exceeded the EU regulation (50\u2009ng\/kg). Furthermore, the health risks resulting from AFM1 occurrence in samples were evaluated using the Monte Carlo simulation. The 95th percentile value of the hazard index (HI) and the margin of exposure (MoE) in total samples for children was 9.028 and 2206, respectively, while those for adults were 1.934 and 10,295. The 95th percentile value of quantitative liver cancer risk (CR) in total samples for children and adults was 0.261 and 0.056 cancers\/year\/per 10\n                    <jats:sup>5<\/jats:sup>\n                    individuals. The risk assessment results indicated the potential health risk posed by AFM1 in milk and dairy products. The implementation of appropriate management policies is recommended to prevent and control AFM1 contamination of food and feed chains.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70966","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T04:21:51Z","timestamp":1757910111000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Aflatoxin\n                    <scp>M1<\/scp>\n                    in Milk and Dairy Products in Birjand, Iran: A Contribution to Human Health Risk Assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9379-3238","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayub","family":"Ebadi Fathabad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Hasan","family":"Zarghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gholamreza","family":"Jahed Khaniki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabi","family":"Shariatifar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negin","family":"Johari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Medicine Hamadan University of Medical Sciences  Hamadan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeid","family":"Yousefi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Drug Organization Birjand University of Medical Sciences  Birjand Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3809-8010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramin","family":"Aslani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30476\/ijns.2020.87377.1080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18502\/jfsh.v8i4.11956"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Codex General Standard for Contaminants and Toxins in Foods","volume":"193","author":"Alimentarius, C","year":"1995","journal-title":"Codex Standard"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2007.03.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2005.282"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1471\u20100307.12490"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2024.108119"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2014.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.04.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111913"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378\u20104274(01)00479\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10217420"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2024.115042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2011.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"1294","article-title":"Studies on Contamination of Dairy Products by Aflatoxin M1 and Its Control by Probiotics","volume":"4","author":"El\u2010kest M. 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