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Moreover, the high sugar content of AP contributes to stickiness during drying, which causes material agglomeration and limits efficient moisture removal\u2014representing a significant hurdle in the drying process. Sustainable utilization of AP requires efficient drying methods to enhance its stability and usability. This study hypothesizes that enzymatic and ethanol pre\u2010treatments can significantly improve the drying efficiency of AP by alleviating stickiness\u2010related barriers. The objective was to optimize pre\u2010treatment conditions to maximize moisture removal while potentially maintaining the quality of dried AP. Experiments were conducted using different ethanol concentrations, enzyme types (Pectinase, Cellulase), and treatment durations, with drying efficiency evaluated based on the removed moisture content (RMC) under various pre\u2010treatment conditions. Under optimal conditions\u2014combining Pectinase and Cellulase enzyme treatments with ethanol pre\u2010treatment\u2014the RMC increased from 12% (control) to 67%, representing a 5.5\u2010fold improvement in drying efficiency. These findings demonstrate that optimized pre\u2010treatments can effectively mitigate stickiness\u2010induced drying hurdles, enhance AP drying efficiency, reduce waste, and support sustainable food processing. The proposed approach contributes to minimizing the environmental footprint of the apple processing industry. Future research should focus on scaling up these pre\u2010treatment techniques and assessing their economic feasibility for industrial applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70988","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T06:24:38Z","timestamp":1761805478000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Optimization of Pre\u2010Treatments to Overcome Stickiness\u2010Related Hurdles and Enhance Drying Efficiency in Apple Pomace"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5149-6060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyo Jun","family":"Won","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Food Tech Resources Research Division, National Institute of Crop and Food Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA)  Wanju\u2010Gun Republic of 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