{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:06:56Z","timestamp":1790168816742,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Social disparities in breastfeeding may result in inequalities of maternal and child health\u2010related future perspectives. In\u2010hospital breastfeeding promotion, information, and support impact short\u2010 and long\u2010term breastfeeding practices. This study, which was performed in 2021\/2022 in the context of the COVID\u201019 pandemic, examined prepandemic interrelations between in\u2010hospital breastfeeding promotion, information, and support in the federal state North Rhine\u2010Westphalia (NRW), Germany, and the socioeconomic structure of the hospitals' catchment areas. Breastfeeding promotion, information, and support were operationalized using a Breastfeeding Promotion Index (BPI) based on the \u201cTen Steps to Successful Breastfeeding\u201d postulated by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and adapted for Germany by the National Breastfeeding Committee. The socioeconomic structure of the districts hosting the hospitals was assessed by the German Index of Socioeconomic Deprivation (GISD), which was developed by the Robert Koch Institute and is established for Public Health issues. This was complemented by the head physicians' estimations of the predominant socioeconomic status in their hospitals' catchment areas. Statistical analyses were performed using the non\u2010parametric Jonckheere\u2010Terpstra's test. For correlation analyses, Spearman's Rho and Kendall tau c were used. A low socioeconomic status was associated with a lower BPI and, vice versa, a high socioeconomic status with a higher BPI. These relationships were stronger when using the head physicians' estimations than the GISD. Higher breastfeeding rates at discharge as estimated by the maternity ward staff were favored by a higher BPI and a higher regional socioeconomic status. These data suggest that hospitals may be able to assess their need for intensified breastfeeding promotion and support strategies by identifying the predominant socioeconomic status of their catchment areas. The results also point to the \u201cdisproportionate care law\u201d which may still apply in the well\u2010established German healthcare system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T05:44:41Z","timestamp":1760593481000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Breastfeeding Promotion in Maternity Wards From a Socioeconomic View"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"K\u00fcrten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef Hospital Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nele","family":"Hockamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef Hospital Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathrin","family":"Sinningen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef Hospital Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Sievers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Freelance Researcher  Haale Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"L\u00fccke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef Hospital Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6555-6104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathilde","family":"Kersting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department of Child Nutrition, University Hospital of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Josef Hospital Ruhr\u2010University Bochum  Bochum Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2857"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103\u2010018\u20102770\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091704"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(21)00243\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03403610"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08035320310001572"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651\u20102227.2001.tb02460.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2017.0045"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980019002180"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/eurpub\/ckm019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103\u2010018\u20102784\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13006\u2010022\u201000534\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment.2007.\u201cStillf\u00f6rderung in Krankenh\u00e4usern: Information der Nationalen Stillkommission vom 2. 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