{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:06:35Z","timestamp":1790168795733,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761436800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761436800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The current study aimed to investigate aflatoxin M\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    (AFM\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), and heavy metals (Cd, As, Pb, Hg) in raw milk (50 samples) from Milk Company, Shahrekord Province, Iran. Therefore, AFM\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , OCPs, and heavy metals including Pb, Cd, As, and Hg were analyzed by High\u2010Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Gas Chromatography\u2013Mass Spectrometry (GC\u2013MS), and Graphite Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, respectively. According to the results, AFM\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    in all milk samples was lower than the maximum limits set by Codex Alimentarius Commission (0.05\u2009\u03bcg\/kg), Iranian Standard (100\u2009ng\/L), and European Union standard (0.05\u2009\u03bcg\/kg). The AFM\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    in milk samples varied from 1\u2009&lt; to 92\u2009ng\/L and 1\u2009&lt; to 27\u2009ng\/L in spring and summer seasons, respectively. The concentrations of OCPs in all milk samples were lower than standard limits. According to the results, \u03b1\u2010HCH, \u03b2\u2010HCH, \u03b3\u2010HCH varied from &gt;\u20090.01\u20130.03 and &gt;\u20090.01, &gt;\u20090.02\u20130.04 and &gt;\u20090.01\u20130.011, and &gt;\u20090.01\u20130.02 and &gt;\u20090.01\u20130.013\u2009mg\/kg in spring and summer respectively. DDE, DDD, and DDT varied from lower than 0.005\u2009mg\/kg (&gt;LOD) to 0.013\u2009mg\/kg (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The mean concentration of Pb, Cd, As, and Hg in spring and summer was 0.007 and 0.014\u2009mg\/L, 0.011 and 0.005\u2009mg\/L, 0.008 and 0.011\u2009mg\/L, 0.002 and 0.002\u2009mg\/L, respectively. The study confirmed that AFM\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    , OCPs, and heavy metal residues in milk samples were within safe limits set by regulatory authorities, with slight seasonal variations. Although contamination levels were low, ongoing surveillance is essential to ensure dairy safety and minimize potential health risks.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T05:18:07Z","timestamp":1761542287000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Determination of Aflatoxin\n                    <scp>\n                      M\n                      <sub>1<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    , Organochlorine Pesticides, and Heavy Metals in Raw Milk of Iran"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Farnoosh","family":"Ansari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd Iran"},{"name":"Pegah Infant Formula Company  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4735-4095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elaheh","family":"Askari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutritional Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition Lorestan University of Medical Sciences  Khorramabad Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamdollah","family":"Naderi Boroujeni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pegah Infant Formula Company  Shahrekord Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maliheh","family":"Jahanara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd Iran"},{"name":"Shiraz University  Shiraz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bita","family":"Forootani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd Iran"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5309-3333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elham","family":"Khalili Sadrabad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Food Hygiene and Safety, Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd Iran"},{"name":"Department of Food Hygiene and Safety, School of Public Health Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences  Yazd Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1557"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2020.107262"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.1138"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"AOAC.2005.\u201cOfficial Method 2000.08\u20102004 Aflatoxin M1 in Liquid Milk\u2010Immunoaffinity Column by Liquid Chromatography.\u201d"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/bvmj.2016.31401"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1573401314666180509130851"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15569543.2017.1306785"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11131959"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics11100809"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"Commission C. 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