{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:06:06Z","timestamp":1790168766763,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1763078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Menopause, a natural transition marked by estrogen decline, is a growing public health concern because it impairs quality of life. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been widely employed to alleviate menopausal symptoms, including osteoporosis, uterine atrophy, vaginal dryness, fat redistribution, and increased cardiovascular risk, but use is limited by adverse effects including hormonal imbalance and increased cancer risk. As potential alternatives, plant\u2010derived phytoestrogens are actively investigated, yet validated candidate extracts remain scarce. Here we evaluated the estrogenic activity of three extracts\u2014\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Beta vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>Artemisia princeps<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Eleutherococcus senticosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    \u2014using ER\u2010positive MCF\u20107 cells and an ovariectomized (OVX) mouse model. From an initial screen, three extracts induced estrogen\u2010mediated proliferation in ER\u2010positive MCF\u20107 cells. In OVX mice, efficacy varied by phenotype:\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>B. vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. princeps<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    produced more pronounced improvements, whereas\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. senticosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    was less effective on several endpoints. Mechanistically,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>B. vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. princeps<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    engaged both genomic and non\u2010genomic estrogen signaling, while\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. senticosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    showed inconsistent activation, suggesting a more limited or alternative mode of action. Overall, efficacy varied across extracts:\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>E. senticosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    had modest activity, whereas\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>B. vulgaris<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    and\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>A. princeps<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    produced robust, reproducible improvements, making them promising for plant\u2010based management of menopausal symptoms.\n                  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