{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T14:12:52Z","timestamp":1771423972290,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study developed reinforced nanophytosomes\u2014innovative nanocarriers combining salts and lipids\u2014using a thin layer hydration method to encapsulate bioactive compounds from pomegranate fruit extract (\n                    <jats:italic>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">Punica granatum<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      L.\n                    <\/jats:italic>\n                    ) from the red seed variety cultivated in Raver, Kerman, Iran. The extract was obtained via mechanical pressing and freeze\u2010drying, preserving its bioactive constituents. Laboratory analysis revealed high phenolic content (approximately 371\u2009mg\/g dry weight with ethanol and 370\u2009mg\/g with water), significant anthocyanins (around 300.68\u2009mg\/g), flavonoids (194.97\u2009mg\/100\u2009g), and strong antioxidant activity (~91%), indicating its suitability for phytosomal formulation. To optimize nanophytosome properties, three key factors were studied: the ratio of extract to phosphatidylcholine (1:1, 1:2, 1:3), calcium chloride concentrations (0, 1.35 and 2.70\u2009mM), and the extract\/PC to ethanol ratio (0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 w\/w). These parameters were evaluated using response surface method (RSM) with the Box\u2013Behnken design in Design Expert software. The optimal formula was identified at a ratio of 1:3 pomegranate extract to PC, calcium chloride concentration of 2.70\u2009mM, and ethanol ratio of 0.82 (w\/w). The resulting nanophytosomes demonstrated a particle size of 127.67\u2009nm, a zeta potential of \u221239.7\u2009mV, mobility of \u22123.145\u2009\u03bcm.cm\/Vs, dispersity index of 0.357, and an encapsulation efficiency of 100%, achieving a desirability score of 0.860.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T09:16:06Z","timestamp":1764062166000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimizations of Calcium\u2010Reinforced Nanophytosome of Pomegranate Extract Using Box\u2013Behnken Design"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Sedighi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Physics Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST)  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ghadir","family":"Rajabzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanotechnology Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST)  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7756-9383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Rafe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Physics Research Institute of Food Science and Technology (RIFST)  Mashhad Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"223","article-title":"Antioxidant Activities of Date Pits in a Model Meat System","volume":"19","author":"Amany M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Food Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"Phytosome: Phytolipid Drug Dilivery System for Improving Bioavailability of Herbal Drug","volume":"3","author":"Amit P.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Bioscientific Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of Freeze Drying on Retention of Essential Oils, Changes in Glandular Trichomes of Lemon Balm Leaves","volume":"21","author":"Antal T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Food Research Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"497","article-title":"Thyme Essential Oil Loaded in Nanocochleates: Encapsulation Efficiency, In\u00a0Vitro Release Study and Antioxidant Activity","volume":"77","author":"Asprea M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Science and Technology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.03.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15586\/ijfs.v36i1.2459"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpx.2019.100024"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"345","article-title":"Herbo Some as Anovel Drug Delivery System for Absorption en Hance Ment","volume":"5","author":"Bhosale A. 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