{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:14:38Z","timestamp":1789600478203,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764460800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TU\u2010DSPP\u20102025\u201002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TU\u2010DSPP\u20102025\u201002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp;amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The application of medicinal plants in the healthcare system is a centuries\u2010old practice, which is proving beneficial to communities.\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Hibiscus rosa\u2010sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    , a flowering plant in the family Malvaceae, is used for both ornamental and medicinal purposes. The current research study evaluates ultrasound\u2010assisted extraction (UAE) of phytochemicals, antioxidant profiling, and safety of\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Hibiscus rosa\u2010sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    powder and methanolic extracts in an animal model. Antioxidant samples were prepared in a ratio of 1:20, with the results showing the highest 2,2\u2010diphenyl\u20101\u2010picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2\u2032\u2010azinobis (3\u2010ethylbenzothiazoline\u20106\u2010sulfonic acid) (ABTS) activity in the methanol extract at 86.45% and 91.12%. Functional groups were examined using a Bruker Alpha FTIR spectrometer, and the analysis revealed the presence of O\u2013H, \u2013COOH, C\u2261N, C=O, and C\u2013H functional groups. Gas Chromatography\u2013Mass Spectrometry (GC\u2013MS) profiling was done using a GC\/MSD thermal desorption system, and results showed major compounds with the highest percentage are 1,2\u2010Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, bis (2\u2010ethylhexyl) ester 2\u2010[3\u2010Chlorophenoxy] propionamide (25.29%), and 1,2\u2010Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, bis (2\u2010ethylhexyl) ester, 2\u2010[3\u2010Chlorophenoxy] propionamide (17.77%), respectively. For the sub\u2010acute toxicity study, 25 male Sprague Dawley rats were distributed in five groups and supplemented with the following doses of flower powder and extracts (Control: Placebo,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Hibiscus rosa\u2010sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    powder diet 1 (HRPD1): 500\u2009mg\/kg BW powder, HRPD2: 1000\u2009mg\/kg BW powder,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Hibiscus rosa\u2010sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    extract diet 1 (HRED1): 100\u2009mg\/kg BW extract, and HRED2: 200\u2009mg\/kg extract) for 28\u2009days. The safety evaluation showed no adverse impact and toxic signs in animals, as the values of hematological and biochemical parameters remained in normal ranges, with no hepato\u2010renal changes noticed in histopathological examination. In a nutshell,\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Hibiscus rosa\u2010sinensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    exhibited significant bioactive compounds and functional groups, paving the way for its application in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. Moreover, the powder and extracts proved safe at this dose; however, further preclinical trials are required at a high dose to validate their safety and efficacy in clinical trials.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]],"date-time":"2025-11-30T10:35:11Z","timestamp":1764498911000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Toxicological Evaluation, Ultrasound\u2010Assisted Phytochemicals, Antioxidant,\n                    <scp>GC<\/scp>\n                    \u2013\n                    <scp>MS<\/scp>\n                    ,\n                    <scp>FTIR<\/scp>\n                    , and In\u00a0Vivo Analysis of\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>Hibiscus rosa\u2010sinensis<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Flowers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0470-756X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hassan","family":"Raza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science &amp; Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2852-7555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Tauseef","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmad Mujtaba","family":"Noman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheraz Ahmed","family":"Bhatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences Bahauddin Zakariya University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iqra","family":"Baig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Bahauddin Zakariya University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Abdul","family":"Rahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science &amp; Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences Times University  Multan Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meshari A.","family":"Alsuwat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Nursing Taif University  Taif Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Fawzy","family":"Ramadan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences Umm Al\u2010Qura University  Makkah Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9885-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliasse","family":"Zongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Research and Teaching in Animal Health and Biotechnology Nazi Boni University  Bobo\u2010Dioulasso Burkina Faso"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2022.2112598"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2022.100163"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02533852"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"46","article-title":"Effects of Aqueous and Methanolic Extracts of \n                     Hibiscus rosa\u2010sinensis\n                   Leave on the Blood Cells of Mice In\u00a0Vivo","volume":"28","author":"Al\u2010Jarah G. 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