{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:49:16Z","timestamp":1792511356650,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1789689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The growing concern over antibiotic resistance has prompted the exploration of probiotics as sustainable alternatives in poultry production. This study evaluated the effects of a multi\u2010strain, multi\u2010genera probiotic supplement (RISCO\u2010NUTRIFOUR solution (RNFS), administered via drinking water (Days 1\u201314) and feed (Days 15\u201328)) on broiler performance and carcass characteristics over a 28\u2010day period. A total of 288\u2009day\u2010old Ross 308 chicks were randomly allocated to six treatments: T0\u2014no probiotic supplementation (0.0% RNFS); T1\u2010T3: RNFS at 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%, respectively; T4:\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Bacillus subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>B. subtilis<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) at 0.1%; and T5:\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>Saccharomyces cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    (\n                    <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                      <jats:italic>S. cerevisiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:styled-content>\n                    ) at 0.1%. Body weight gain (BWG), daily feed intake (DFI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded during Days 0\u201314, 14\u201328, and cumulatively (0\u201328). On Day 28, relative weights of breast, legs, wings, proventriculus, heart, kidney, pancreas, liver, and lymphoid organs (thymus, spleen, bursa of Fabricius) were also measured. Broilers receiving RNFS, particularly at the 0.2% level, showed significant improvements in final average body weight and BWG during the grower phase (Days 14\u201328), compared to the control groups. Carcass traits were largely unaffected, except for a significant increase (22.54%) in gizzard weight in the 0.2% RNFS group. In conclusion, RNFS supplementation at 0.2% proved most effective, significantly enhancing growth performance and numerically improving feed efficiency in broilers, supporting its potential as a practical alternative to single\u2010strain probiotics.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.71335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T09:29:22Z","timestamp":1789723762000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effect of RISCO\u2013NUTRIFOUR Probiotic on Growth and Carcass Traits in Broilers During Starter and Grower Phases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Abdulaziz A.","family":"Al\u2010abdullatif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0388-7669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maged A.","family":"Al\u2010Garadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0934-9690","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Qaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulkareem M.","family":"Matar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8282-5385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammed","family":"Al\u2010Badwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohsen M.","family":"Alobre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gamaleldin M.","family":"Suliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elsayed O.","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.101696"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13454"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani8100184"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"978","article-title":"Bacillus subtilis PB6 Based\u2010Probiotic (CloSTATTM) Improves Intestinal Morphological and Microbiological Status of Broiler Chickens Under Clostridium perfringens Challenge","volume":"15","author":"Abudabos A. M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Agriculture and Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.14123"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2025.1517078"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010025\u201017988\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2024.2436955"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2025.2560068"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2024.2436955"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2010.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.51585\/gjvr.2025.2.0138"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806\u20109061\u20102022\u20101786"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18805\/ijar.10774"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00124"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2013.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","volume-title":"Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Analytical Chemists International Official Methods","author":"AOAC","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1259426"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008\u201000244"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602\u2010022\u201009909\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pew246"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1439110"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/AJMR2016.8114"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2008\u201000224"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2903\/j.efsa.2012.2678"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917\u2010024\u201003960\u2010w"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","first-page":"39","article-title":"A Review on Pharmacokinetics, Mechanism of Action and Side Effects of Probiotics","volume":"7","author":"Farooq S.","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602\u2010020\u201009737\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26136389"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/1806\u20109061\u20102021\u20101608"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skae047"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrras.2015.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9110985"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13040784"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15081168"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10030507"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fanim.2025.1562527"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2025.1059\u20101069"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","first-page":"136","article-title":"The Effect of Inclusion in Drinking Water, Either Singly or Alternating, of Oregano Oil and a Probiotic Enterococcus faecium Strain on Feed and Water Intake of Growing Broiler Chickens","volume":"97","author":"Izadi M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Z\u00fcchtungskunde"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2012\u201002528"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2024.100451"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms13071470"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/aoas\u20102024\u20100084"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17352\/jfsnt.000049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9090615"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12090861"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23031064"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of Probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii RC009 Alone and in Combination With a Phytase in Broiler Chickens Fed With Antibiotic\u2010Free Diets","volume":"6","author":"Magnoli A.","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agrobiological Records"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.13005\/bpj\/2285"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12121558"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250\u2010025\u201004441\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2023.2290192"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21608\/svuijas.2023.247492.1315"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/03601234.2020.1868236"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44185\u2010025\u201000085\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2013\u201003818"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_11_59_1","first-page":"835","article-title":"Effect of Different Levels of Supplemental Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on Performance, Blood Constituents and Carcass Characteristics of Broiler Chicks","volume":"3","author":"Paryad A.","year":"2008","journal-title":"African Journal of Agricultural Research"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15159\/jas.21.28"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2019.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1828051X.2024.2397494"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.47278\/journal.ijvs\/2022.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reis M. E.Fassani A. G.J\u00fanior et\u00a0al.2017. \u201cEffect ofBacillus subtilis(DSM 17299) on Performance Digestibility Intestine Morphology and pH in Broiler Chickens.\u201d26 no.4:573\u2013583.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3382\/japr\/pfx032.","DOI":"10.3382\/japr\/pfx032"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2021.1960234"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2016.313\u2010319"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12982\/VIS.2025.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_69_1","volume-title":"SAS Institute\/STAT 9.3. User's Guide: Mathematical Programming Examples","author":"SAS","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1387498"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10020395"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4025\/actascianimsci.v40i1.39916"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113673"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14060866"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.767802"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00245"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/japr\/15.2.229"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00057"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.171757"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2025.105026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17450390500216928"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2024.04.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2012.10.003"}],"container-title":["Food Science &amp; Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71335","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/fsn3.71335","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/fsn3.71335","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T15:18:41Z","timestamp":1792509521000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/fsn3.71335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":82,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/fsn3.71335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.71335","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2048-7177","2048-7177"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2048-7177","type":"print"},{"value":"2048-7177","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-25","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-09-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e71335"}}